Transcript By kiran biradar

Aviation
infrastructure
planning
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Landing aids:
Any illuminating light radio beacon,
radar device communicating device
or any system of such devices for
aiding aircraft in an approach and
landing.
Used to guide a pilot to the runway ,
helps the pilot to judge his alignment
with the runway and correct angle of
approach
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Instruments landing system (ILS)
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Precision approach radar (PAR) or ground
approach control (GAC)
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Airport surveillance radar (ASR)
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Airport surface detection equipment (ASDE)
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Approach lights
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Instrument landing system (ILS) was the only
ground-based system certified to provide both
lateral and vertical guidance to aircraft on
approach to an airport.
An ILS system consists of two radio transmitters
located on the airport.
One radio beam is called the localizer and the
other the glide slope.
The localizer indicates to pilots whether they are
left or right of the correct alignment for approach
to the runway and the glide slope indicates the
correct angle of descent to the runway
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ILS system provides facilities for landing under
conditions of poor visibility.
ICAO has divided the visibility into three categories
for ILS approach:
Category I
Covers the weather conditions which provide a
forward visibility of at least 800 m
Category II
Allows the landing up to a forward visibility of 400
m
Category III
Permits landing under 0 (zero) visibility conditions.
ILS system configuration
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Same as ILS but the information reaches the
pilot through his hearing aid.
PAR gives to the controller picture of
descending aircraft both in plan and elevation
then controller checks the alignment and glide
slope of aircraft.
So no need of navigational equipment.
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Used for military aircrafts.
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ASR provide air traffic controllers with a visual
display of the position of each aircraft within
the air space surrounding the terminal.
Effective up to a distance 50 km to 100 km.
It does not indicate the altitude of the aircraft.
In INDIA this is provided at Jawahar lal Nehru
(Mumbai) and Subhash chandra bose
(Calcutta) airports.
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ASDE is a short range radar which gives to the
controller a pictorial display of the runways ,
taxiways , terminal areas and shows the
position of the aircrafts.
ASDE is very efficient in poor visibility to
regulate the traffic on the airport.
ASDE is able to determine the position and
identification of aircraft and vehicles on the
airport surfaces, as well as of aircraft flying
within 8 km of the airport.
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An ASDE display showing ground traffic at
Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport
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ALS is a lighting system installed on the
approach end of an airport runway and
consisting of a series of light bars, strobe lights,
or a combination of the two that extends
outward from the runway end.
Approach lighting systems (ALS) are designed
specifically to provide guidance for aircraft
approaching a particular runway under
nighttime or other low-visibility conditions.
Calvert system:
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The Calvert system was the first approach lighting system to be
certified by ICAO, and is also commonly known as the ICAO
category I approach lighting system.
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ICAO CAT II-III approach lighting system
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The ALS currently certified by the FAA for
installation in the United States consist of a
high-intensity ALS with sequenced flashing
lights (ALSF).
This is required for category II and category III.
High-intensity approach lighting system is
consist of
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Sequenced flashing lights (ALSF-1)
Three medium-intensity ALSs (MALSR, MALS,
MALSF).