Outcome: Church Reform & The Crusades

1.

a.

b.

Age of Faith

Between

500

-

1000

Europe was a dark age Around the

900s

, a new spirit invaded the church and brought about a spiritual

revival

in the clergy

c.

i.

ii.

Problems in the Church iii.

Village priests were

married

and had

families

---> against Church rulings Bishops sold positions in the Church, this was called

simony

Kings used

lay investiture

d.

i.

Reform Popes

Leo IX

and marriage and

Gregory VII

enforced Church laws against simony

ii.

1.

2.

Papal Curia

(pope’s advisers) acted as a court Developed

canon law inheritance

Decided

cases

on matters such as marriage, divorce, and based on canon law iii.

Church used

taxes

to pay for the sick and poor- most

hospitals

in Europe

 Result: The Age of Faith helped push the Church closer to an

empire

than being simply a religious order. Wars of

conquest

would give way to the violent holy wars known as the

Crusades

.

rather were inspired which

2.

a.

The Crusades

What is a crusade?

i.

ii.

A

holy war

involving the journey of thousands of

Europeans

the holy land of

Jerusalem

in the name of

Christianity

In all, there were

8

or

9

Crusades (depending on your source) to reclaim

b.

i.

Why crusade? Social, Economic, Spiritual, & Political reasons

Pope

Urban II

called for a holy war against

Muslims

controlling holy lands

ii.

Social

: Opportunity to get

knights

to stop fighting each other and fight a new foe. These knights threatened

peace

in Europe.

b.

Why crusade? Social, Economic, Spiritual, & Political reasons iii.

Economic

: Younger sons who

did not stand

were looking for

wealth

and adventure to inherit father’s

property iv.

Economic

: Merchants supplied

loans

to finance the journey

b.

v.

Why crusade? Social, Economic, Spiritual, & Political reasons Political

: A chance for the

pope

to gain territory instead of

Byzantine

rival vi.

Spiritual: Kill

Muslims

= ticket to

heaven

(Christian

contradiction

)

c.

i.

When were the Crusades?

Starts in

1093

and lasts for nearly

300

years

3.

a.

What happened:

i.

ii.

First and Second Crusade

iii.

iv.

v.

vi.

Urban’s

call brought tremendous

support

for the Crusade Those who died on Crusade were assured a

place

in

heaven

“

God wills it

!” was the battle cry

3,000

mile journey from Europe to Jerusalem Eventually,

12,000

approached Jerusalem and besieged it for a month On July 15, 1099, the Christians

captured

the city

a.

First and Second Crusade

vii.

viii.

The Second Crusade was organized to In

1187

, Europeans were shocked to learn that had captured Jerusalem again

recapture

the city of

Edessa Saladin

and the Muslims

b.

i.

The Third Crusade

Led by 3 of Europe’s most powerful

monarchs 1.

Philip II

of France – went

home

2. German Emperor

Frederick

–

drowned

on journey

b.

The Third Crusade

3. English King Richard the Lion-Hearted a. Fought many battles against

Saladin

b. Agreed to a

truce

with Saladin in 1192 i. Jerusalem stayed under Muslim

control

ii. Saladin promised unarmed Christians could

freely visit

the city’s

holy

places

c.

i.

ii.

Other attempts

iii.

4 th Crusade

failed

to recapture Jerusalem In the 1200s, four more Crusades were also

unsuccessful

The Children’s Crusade

4.

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

g.

h.

i.

Effects of the Crusades

Example of Church

power Trade

was expanded between Europe and Southwest Asia Failure of later crusades lessened the

power

of the

pope

The Crusades weakened the power of the

feudal nobility Increased

power of

kings

Thousands of

knights

and other participants lost their

lives

Began a legacy of bitterness and hatred of

Christians

for the

Muslims

Persecution of

Jews

Those who survived brought back

culture

to Europe