Development and Energy in Africa (DEA)

Start 1 May 2005 - Completion 31 October 2007

Risø National Laboratory Denmark Energy Research Centre (ECN) Netherlands

Centres in 6 African countries:

Botswana Ghana Mali Senegal Tanzania Zambia

Development and Energy in Africa (DEA)

Objectives: – to establish and apply an Assessment Framework for evaluating development and poverty alleviation impacts of energy interventions – to engage in a dialogue with energy policy makers and other stakeholders on the basis of the framework, with a view to incorporating these issues in energy policy. project structure Stakeholder needs Catalogue of 42 existing projects Literature Review Assessment Framework + Toolbox + Selection of case studies 6 Case Studies Refinement Information on Development Impact Improved design of future interventions

Common approach – The ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK A step by step approach to carrying out an impact assessment of a given energy intervention input complex energy intervention common approach •conceptualisation •organising principle •systematic approach •disentanglement •structure •thinking aid output outcome impact indicators systematic description of an energy intervention and its consequences

From 4-level causal diagram to assessment tables: example solar ESCO in Zambia

use of electricity Provision of electricity service access to electricity employment within ESCO lighting fuel consumption gender relations business hours income evening study educational and social activities Elements Inputs:

•

provision of electricity service Indicators Units Source Method established ESCO ESCOs ESCOs

•

desk study Outputs:

•

access to electricity

•

employment

•

total SHS installed

•

SHS

•

jobs

•

SHS

•

interviews

•

no. jobs

•

no. jobs

•

interviews Outcomes:

•

use of electricity

•

lighting fuel

•

business hours

•

evening study

•

appliances

•

fuel costs

•

av. b. hrs

•

school study/night

•

number

•

$

•

hrs

•

hrs

•

number

•

$

•

hrs

•

hrs

•

survey

•

interview

•

survey

•

focus group Impacts:

• • •

income educational gender

•

income

•

sch. perf.

•

decision making roles

•

$

•

grades

•

h/h

•

$

•

grades

•

h/h

•

survey

•

interview

•

focus group

Main project outputs

Literature Survey A review of recent literature dealing with impact assessment at the micro level energy interventions Catalogue Policy makers’ needs Case Studies Methodology Workshop Reports Synthesis of energy project catalogues from the 6 participating countries Synthesis of consultations with national stakeholders and policy makers Detailed reports of 6 country studies Synthesis Report of all case studies Assessment Procedure Guideline - the methodological core of the DEA project, describing in practical terms how to conduct an Impact Analysis • Project Workshops • National Workshops • Regional Workshop All outputs available from the DEA website: www.deafrica.net

Achievements

• A proven and demonstrated evaluation methodology with real case study examples • A catalogue of small and medium-sized energy interventions in the six countries • A survey of literature on impact assessment of energy projects • A participatory approach to identify outcome and impact indicators at the local level • Enhanced capacity in countries for assessing outcomes and impacts of energy projects • Enhanced awareness among stakeholders of how energy access contributes to development

Challenges

Significant challenges remain in the field of Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) and Impact Analysis (IA) of energy interventions: – There are many complex linkages between input and impact – There is generally no recorded baseline – Detailed assessments require significant resources (money and manpower) which are often not available in project budgets The results of M&E and IA need to feed into policy making and project design, so that the development impacts and outcomes, or the lack of them, are taken into account, leading to better policies and projects.

The Way Forward

• Establishment of Regional M&E networks and facilities in collaboration with GVEP • Incorporation of the DEA methodology in other energy-development projects • Maintenance of www.deafrica.net

as a focal point for M&E and Impact Analysis of energy projects in Africa