Transcript Slide 1

2005-06 National Family Health Survey
(NFHS-3)
Nutrition in India
Dissemination Seminar on
Subject Reports Findings
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Topics
Children’s nutrition
Nutritional status
Anaemia
Child feeding practices
Micronutrients
ICDS food supplementation
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Topics
Adult nutrition
Nutritional status
Anaemia
Food consumption
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Undernutrition in Children under Age 5
Percent
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Children’s Nutrition
Stunting and underweight in
India are 20 times as high as
would be expected in a
healthy, well-nourished
population
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Undernutrition
Amongunder
Children
Undernutrition
in Children
Age 5
UnderINDIA
Five Years
Percent underweight (NCHS/WHO Growth Reference)
Percent
India 2005-06
Bangladesh 2007
Nepal 2006
Niger 2006
Madagascar 2003-4
Ethiopia 2005
Cambodia 2005-06
Mali 2006
Nigeria 2003
Guinea 2005
Malawi 2004
Kenya 2003
Cameroon 2004
Zimbabwe 2005-06
Swaziland 2006-07
DR 2007
48
46
45
44
41
39
36
32
29
26
22
20
19
16
7
4
Prevalence of underweight is higher in India
than in any of the other
40 countries with DHS
surveys in the last 5
years.
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Undernutrition
Amongunder
Children
Undernutrition
in Children
Age 5
UnderINDIA
Five Years
Percent underweight (NCHS/WHO Growth Reference)
Percent
India 2005-06
Bangladesh 2007
Nepal 2006
Niger 2006
Madagascar 2003-4
Ethiopia 2005
Cambodia 2005-06
Mali 2006
Nigeria 2003
Guinea 2005
Malawi 2004
Kenya 2003
Cameroon 2004
Zimbabwe 2005-06
Swaziland 2006-07
DR 2007
48
46
45
44
41
39
36
32
29
26
22
20
19
16
7
4
Prevalence of underweight higher in India
than in any of the other
40 countries with DHS
surveys in the last 5
years.
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Trends in Undernutrition
(children under age 3)
Percent
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Underweight by Wealth Quintiles
Percent
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Poor
Nutrition as a Contributing
Factor to
Undernutrition
Among
Children
Undernutrition in Children under Age 5
Under-Five
Mortality
INDIA
Under Five Years
Poor nutrition
contributes to 54% of
48
deaths under
age 5
Percent underweight (NCHS/WHO Growth Reference)
Percent
India 2005-06
Bangladesh 2007
Nepal 2006
Niger 2006
Madagascar 2003-4
Ethiopia 2005
Cambodia 2005-06
Mali 2006
Nigeria 2003
Guinea 2005
Malawi 2004
Kenya 2003
Cameroon 2004
Zimbabwe 2005-06
Swaziland 2006-07
DR 2007
Neonatal
deaths
ARI
Contribution to
Under-5 Mortality
Severe malnutrition
11%
Diarrhoea
4
Malaria
41
39
36
32
Mild to moderate
malnutrition
29
43%
Prevalence of
26
underweight higher in India
than in any of the other
40 countries with DHS
surveys in the last 5
years.
Measles
22
20
Other
19
causes
16
7
46
45
44
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Recommended and Actual
Breastfeeding Practices
•
Goal: Initiation of breastfeeding within
1 hour of birth
• Achievement: 25%
•
Goal: No prelacteal feeding
• Achievement: 43%
•
Goal: Exclusive breastfeeding
(6 months)
• Achievement: 46%
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Recommended and Actual
Breastfeeding Practices (contd.)
•
Goal: Timely complementary feeding (age 68 months)
• Achievement: 53%
•
Goal: Feed breast milk or milk products, and
feed a minimum number of times from a
minimum number of food groups (age 6-23
months) These are recommended IYCF feeding practices
• Achievement: 21%
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Micronutrient Intake
• Goal: Vitamin A supplements
every 6 months from 9 months
to 3 years
• Achievement: 25%
• Goal: Universal salt iodization
• Achievement: 47% of children
live in households using
adequately iodized salt
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Anaemia among Children Age 6-35 Months
Percent
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
ICDS Utilization
72% of NFHS-3 enumeration areas were
covered by an anganwadi centre (AWC)
Although ICDS coverage is fairly high, only
28% of children under age 6 years received
any service from an AWC in the last year
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
How Many Children Receive
Services from an AWC?
50
Percent of age-eligible children in areas with an AWC
45
40
33
35
30
26
23
25
20
20
18
16
15
10
5
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Pr
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Su
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0
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Adult Nutrition
The poor nutrition conditions of
young children in India have
received much attention
recently, but adults are also
experiencing a variety of
nutritional problems
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Percentage of Adults Age 15-49
Malnourished
50
45
40
35
Women
36
34
In the highest wealth
quintile, 31% of women
are overweight, including
8% who are obese
30
25
20
20
14
15
Men
13
9
10
5
0
Too thin
Moderately or
severely thin
Overweight or obese
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Percentage of Women
Overweight or Obese
45
40
35
Women age 15-49
39
Even in the slums, 19-39% of
women are overweight/obese
30
30
25
27
27
Mumbai
Delhi
30
22
19
20
15
33
13
10
5
0
INDIA
Nagpur
Indore
Kolkata
Meerut Hyderabad Chennai
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Undernutrition
Amongunder
Children
Trends in Malnutrition
Among
Undernutrition
in Children
Age 5
INDIA
Ever-married
15-49 Years
UnderWomen
Five Years
Percent underweight (NCHS/WHO Growth Reference)
PercentPercent
India 2005-06
Bangladesh 2007
Nepal 2006
Niger 2006
36
Madagascar 2003-4 33
Ethiopia 2005
Cambodia 2005-06
Mali 2006
Nigeria 2003
Guinea 2005
Malawi 2004
Kenya 2003
Cameroon 2004
Zimbabwe Too
2005-06
thin
Swaziland 2006-07
DR 2007
NFHS-2
NFHS-3
53
4852
46
45
44
41
39
36
32
15
11
26
22
20
19
7
4
16
Overweight/obese
29
Prevalence of underweight higher in India
than in any of the other
40 countries with DHS
surveys
in the
last 5
Normal
weight
years.
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Dual Burden of Malnutrition
Percent of women age 15-49
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Anaemia in Women and Men
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Consumption of Meat, Chicken or Fish
Percent of women and men age 15-49
Never
33
24
Occasionally
32
35
Weekly
29
7
34
7
Women
Men
Daily
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Undernutrition
Among
Children
Undernutrition
in
Children
under
AgeYears
5
Vegetarianism Among Women 15-49
UnderINDIA
Five Years
Percentunderweight
of women who(NCHS/WHO
never eat meat,
chicken,
or fish
Percent
Growth
Reference)
Percent
India 2005-06
50 percent
or more
Bangladesh 2007
HaryanaNepal
(88%)2006
RajasthanNiger
(75%)
2006
Punjab
(75%)2003-4
Madagascar
GujaratEthiopia
(70%) 2005
Cambodia 2005-06
Mali 2006
10-19 Nigeria
percent
2003
Bihar Guinea 2005
Sikkim Malawi 2004
Kenya 2003
Cameroon 2004
Zimbabwe 2005-06
Swaziland 2006-07
DR 2007
20-49 percent
48
46
Karnataka
45
Jammu
& Kashmir
44
41Chhattisgarh
39
Madhya Pradesh (57%) Uttar Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Uttarkhand
(64%)
Maharashtra
Delhi (52%)
36
Less than 10 percent
32
29
Prevalence of under26
Jharkhand
Kerala
Mizoram
weight higher in India
22
Tamil Nadu
Assam
Manipur
than in any of the other
20
Andhra Pradesh
West Bengal
Meghalaya
19
40 countries with DHS
Orissa
Arunachal Pradesh Nagaland
16
surveys in the last 5
Goa 7
Tripura
years.
4
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Conclusions
Children in India suffer from some of the highest
levels of stunting, wasting and underweight in the
world, and the situation has not improved markedly in
recent years.
Anaemia levels among children are very high and they
have actually increased since the time of NFHS-2.
Most recommended infant and young child feeding
practices are widely ignored by parents.
The ICDS programme, which has been in operation for
more than 30 years, has not been able to reduce
malnutrition to acceptable levels in any state.
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Conclusion
The adult population suffers from a dual
burden of undernutrition and overweight/
obesity
Almost half of women and more than 40% of
men in most population subgroups are either
too thin or too fat
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Policy and Program Messages
Disadvantaged groups have more serious nutrition
problems than other groups, so targeted nutrition
programmes are needed to improve their conditions.
Poverty is strongly related to malnutrition, but
poverty reduction programmes alone will not
eliminate nutritional deficiencies.
Nutritional problems are widespread even among
the best educated and wealthiest groups, so
programmes cannot ignore these groups.
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Policy and Program Messages
Poor feeding practices for children have made it
difficult to make solid improvements in the nutritional
status of children, so education on proper infant and
child feeding is vital.
Although overweight and obesity are much less of a
problem in India than in more developed countries,
this is a growing problem among adults, particularly
in the cities. Programmes to prevent the spread of
overweight and obesity need to be strengthened.
The coverage of the ICDS programme is quite good
in most places, but improvements in the quality of
ICDS services are needed to increase utilization.
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Final Word
There is no longer any doubt that nutritional
problems in India need to be urgently
addressed. The good news is that health
officials now seem energized to take on the
challenge and to implement innovative
programmes to get results.
We all hope that NFHS-4 and other data
collection efforts in the coming years will be
able to document the fruits of these efforts.
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Thank
You
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06