2005-06 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3)

KEY FINDINGS ON CHILD NUTRITION

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Topics

 Nutritional status of children  Anaemia in children  Infant and young child feeding practices  ICDS coverage NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Undernutrition in Children under Age 3 Years 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Percent

45 Stunted 40 Underweight 23 Wasted

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Undernutrition in Children under Age 3 years 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Percent

51 45 Stunted 43 40 20 23 Underweight NFHS-2 NFHS-3 Wasted

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

10 0 70 60 Children’s Nutritional Status Varies by State Children under age 5 years who are underweight (%) 56 57 60 50 40 30 20 20 22 23 25 25 25 26 26 20 30 33 33 36 37 37 38 38 39 40 40 40 41 42 43 45 47 49

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Topics

 Nutritional status of children  Anaemia in children  Infant and young child feeding practices  ICDS coverage NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Anaemia among Children Age 6-35 Months 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Percent

74 79 4 5 Any anaemia NFHS-2 Severe anaemia NFHS-3

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Anaemia Is Widespread throughout India

Children age 6-59 months Anaemia Prevalence Anaemia prevalence more than 70 percent Anaemia prevalence Less than 50 percent State Bihar Madhya Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Haryana Chhattisgarh Andhra Pradesh Karnataka Jharkhand Goa Manipur Mizoram Kerala

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Children in All Groups Have High Anaemia Prevalence

Percent of children with any anaemia • • •

Urban (63%) Wealthiest households (56%) Children whose mother’s have 12+ years of education (55%)

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Girls (69%), boys (70%)

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Topics

 Nutritional status of children  Anaemia in children  Infant and young child feeding practices  ICDS coverage NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Recommended and Actual Breastfeeding Practices

• • • •

Goal: Initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth Achievement: 25%

•

Goal: No prelacteal feeding Achievement: 43% Goal: Exclusive breastfeeding

•

(6 months) Achievement: 46%

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Recommended and Actual Breastfeeding Practices (contd.)

•

Goal: No bottle feeding

•

Achievement: 86%

• •

Goal: Timely complementary feeding (age 6-8 months) Achievement: 53%

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practices

• • •

Goal: Feed breast milk or milk products, and feed a minimum number of times from a minimum number of food groups (age 6-23 months) Achievement: 21% Percent of children fed according to all IYCF

• • •

practices Same for boys and girls Twice as high in the highest wealth group as the lowest wealth group Poorest feeding practices found in Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Topics

 Nutritional status of children  Anaemia in children  Infant and young child feeding practices  ICDS coverage NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

ICDS Coverage

In NFHS-3, team supervisors collected information in each enumeration area (EA) on whether or not the EA was covered by an ICDS/anganwadi centre (AWC) and, if so, when the centre was established 72% of EAs are covered by an AWC 62% of EAs are covered by an AWC that has existed for at least 5 years

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

ICDS Coverage

More than 90% of EAs are covered by an AWC in Tripura, Tamil Nadu, Mizoram, Karnataka, and Nagaland The only states where less than half of EAs are covered by an AWC are Meghalaya (27%), Delhi, and Arunachal Pradesh (35% each)

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

ICDS Utilization

Women with one or more children born in the 6 years before the survey were asked about benefits received from an AWC for their young children and benefits they themselves received during pregnancy and while breastfeeding Although ICDS coverage is fairly high, only 28% of children under age 6 years received any service from an AWC in the last year

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

How Many Children Receive Services from an AWC? 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Percent of age-eligible children in areas with an AWC 33 26 23 20 18 A ny s er vi ce Su pp le m en ta ry fo od Pr e-s ch oo l Im m un iz ati on s G ro w th m on ito ri ng H ea lth c he ck -u ps 16

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Women’s Use of ICDS

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 78 83 Pregnant women 21 17 Breastfeeding women 12 9 11 8 No services Supplementary food Health check ups Health/nutrition education

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Prime Minister’s Letter to Chief Ministers of Every State “A number of reports and surveys, including the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) …seem to indicate a noticeable decline in the qualitative aspects of the [ICDS] programme.

There is strong evidence that the programme has not led to any substantial improvement in the nutritional status of children under six. Our prevalent rate of under-nutrition in this age group remains one of the highest in the world”.

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Food for Thought

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What innovative steps can nutrition programmes take to address these continuing challenges and improve children’s nutrition?

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Thank You

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06