2005-06 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3)

Key Findings

Contents

1.

About NFHS-3 2.

Household and individual haracteristics 3.

Fertility, marriage and family planning 4.

Maternal health 5.

Immunization and child health care 6.

Nutritional status 7.

HIV knowledge, behaviour and prevalence NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Overview

 NFHS-3 is the third in the NFHS series of surveys, preceded by NFHS-1 in 1992-93 and NFHS-2 in 1998-99  NFHS surveys are conducted under the stewardship of MoHFW  IIPS is the nodal agency for the National Family Health Surveys

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Contd.… 

NFHS-3 is funded by USAID, DFID, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, UNICEF, and UNFPA



Macro International provided technical assistance to NFHS-3



NACO and NARI provided assistance for the HIV component



NFHS-3 fieldwork was carried out by 18 Research Organizations including some Population Research Centres NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Scope of NFHS-3



All 29 states are covered



Slum and non-slum areas of eight cities, i.e. Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Indore, Kolkata, Meerut, Mumbai, Nagpur



Interviews were conducted with

 

Women age 15-49 Men age 15-54 NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Biomarkers Measured in NFHS-3

 

Height and weight Haemoglobin content in the blood to measure anaemia



Collection of blood samples for HIV testing

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

NFHS-3 Sample

for 29 states

Number Interviewed Response Rate Households 109,041 97.7

Women (age 15-49) 124,385 Men (age 15-54) 74,369 94.5

87.1

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Contents

1.

About NFHS-3 2.

Household and Individual Characteristics 3.

Fertility, Marriage and Family Planning 4.

Maternal Health 5.

Immunization and Child Health 6.

Nutritional Status of Children and Adults 7.

HIV Knowledge, Behaviour and Prevalence NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Selected Household Characteristics

Percent of households

93 Electricity 56 68 Piped water Any toilet facility 51 12 25 83 26

Urban

45

Rural Total

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

NFHS-3 finds some improvements in the household environment since NFHS-2

68% of households have electricity, up from 60% in NFHS-2 88% of households use an improved source of drinking water Only 29% of households have improved toilet facilities NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Media Exposure

Percent with exposure to TV, radio, or newspaper at least once a week 87 93 75 65 82 55

73% of urban households and 30% of rural households possess a TV

Urban Rural

Women age 15-49

Total

Men age 15-49

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Education

Percent distribution of men and women age 15-49 by highest level of education

Men Women 18 No education 27 20 35 < 8 years complete 8-9 years complete 41 23 14 22 NFHS-3 shows that even among those in the age group 15-19, only 89% of men and 74% of women are literate 10 years complete and above NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Measuring Health Inequities

NFHS-3 provides information on key population, health, and nutrition indicators for socially and economically vulnerable groups to examine health inequities

– – –

Caste/tribe status Wealth status Slum/non-slum population in eight cities NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

What is the wealth index?

Uses information on 33 household assets and housing characteristics , such as ownership of consumer items, type of dwelling, source of water, and availability of electricity Combines this information into a single wealth index , using a scientific method of assigning weights to individual components The household population is divided into five equal groups of 20% each (quintiles) national level from 1 (lowest, poorest) to 5 (highest, wealthiest) at the NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Caste/Tribe Status

OTHER 32% SC 19% ST 8% OBC 41% NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Distribution of Households by Wealth Index and Residence National 20 20 20 20 20 Urban 3 6 14 29 48 Rural 28 26 23 16 7 Lowest Second Middle Fourth Highest NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Distribution of Households by Wealth Index and Caste 5 8 13 24 50 ST 10 17 16 36 21 21 23 24 25 17 22 28 18 Lowest SC Second Middle OBC Fourth Highest 14 10 Other NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Proportion of Households in the Highest Two Wealth Quintiles by State 60 50 40 30 20 100 90 80 70 89 83 78 77 72 66 65 60 59 57 57 55 49 44 43 43 41 40 40 36 33 32 30 27 26 24 24 23 23 19 10 0 DL KE GO PJ MZ HP SK GJ HR MH UT JK MN TN KA AP NG MG Ind ia RJ AR WB UP AS MP BH JH OR TR CH NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Contents

1.

About NFHS-3 2.

Household and Individual Characteristics 3.

Fertility, Marriage and Family Planning 4.

Maternal Health 5.

Immunization and Child Health 6.

Nutritional Status of Children and Adults 7.

HIV Knowledge, Behaviour and Prevalence NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Total Fertility Rate

4.0

3.5

3.0

3.4

2.9

2.7

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

NFHS-1 NFHS-2 NFHS-3 3.5

3.0

3.0

2.7

2.5

2.0

2.1

1.5

1.0

Urban NFHS-3 Rural Total NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Marital Status

54

Percent of women age 20-24 married by age 18

50 45 53 28

NFHS-1 NFHS-2 NFHS-3 Urban Rural NFHS-3

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Current Contraceptive Use by Method

Percent of currently married women age 15-49

56 49 37 An y m An eth y m od od ern m Fe eth ma od le ste rili za tio Ma le n ste rili za tio n 1 IUD 2 3 Pil l Co nd om NFHS-3, India, 2005-06 5

Trends in Contraceptive Use by Method 41 48 56

Percent of currently married women age 15-49

37 43 49 27 34 37 NFHS-1 NFHS-2 NFHS-3 4 2 1 A ny m et ho A d ny m od er n m et ho d Fe m al e st er ili za tio n M al e st er ili za tio n 2 2 2 IU D 1 2 3 P ill 2 3 5 C on do m NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Desire for No More Children among Women with 2 Children

Percent

72 83 76 90 88 66 61 47 37 NFHS-1

2 sons

NFHS-2

1 son and 1 daughter

NFHS-3

2 daughters

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Contents

1.

About NFHS-3 2.

Household and individual characteristics 3.

Fertility, Marriage and Family Planning 4.

Maternal health care 5.

Immunization and child health care 6.

Nutritional status of children and adults 7.

HIV knowledge, behaviour and Prevalence NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

84

Trends in Antenatal Care

86

Percent of women who had any ANC

*

NFHS-1

91

NFHS-2 NFHS-3

77 72 65 66 59 60 Urban

*

For last births in the past 3 years

Rural Total NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

75

Maternity Care

(for most recent birth in the last 5 years) Urban Rural Total

61 44 52 35 19 23

Percent

29 37 3+ ANC IFA for 90+ days Postnatal care within 2 days NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Institutional Delivery

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Contents

1.

About NFHS-3 2.

Household and Individual characteristics 3.

Fertility, Marriage and Family Planning 4.

Maternal Health 5.

Immunization and Child Health 6.

Nutritional Status of Children and Adults 7.

HIV Knowledge, Behaviour and Prevalence NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Infant Mortality Rate

NFHS-1 NFHS-2 NFHS-3

85 73 56 62

Deaths at age 0-11 months per 1,000 live births

79 68 57 47 42 Urban Rural Total NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Infant Mortality Rates

79

Deaths at age 0-11 months per 1,000 live births

57 57 65 48 27 11 6 In d ia L D C MD C B an g la d es h Pa ki sta n N ep al Sr i L an ka C h in a NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Child Immunization Trends

Percent of children age 12-23 months vaccinated

BCG Polio3 DPT3 Measles All Vaccines

NFHS-1

62 72 78 54 63 78 52 55 55 42 51 59 35

NFHS-2

42 44

NFHS-3

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Trends in Treatment of Childhood Diarrhoea with ORS

Percent of children under age 3 with diarrhoea in the past 2 weeks NFHS-2 NFHS-3

33 33 25 24 27 26 Urban Rural Total NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Percentage of Children with Diarrhoea in the Past 2 Weeks who Received Any ORT or Increased Fluids by State 85 25 26 26 33 39 40 43 43 43 46 47 47 47 47 48 48 49 53 53 54 55 59 63 65 67 68 69 72 75 RJ AS UP HR JH PJ GJ In di a DL CH JK BH AP AR MN MP KA NG UT MH OR TN WB SK TR GO MZ MG HP KE NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Contents

1.

About NFHS-3 2.

Household and individual characteristics 3.

Fertility and its determinants 4.

Maternal health care 5.

Immunization and child health care 6.

Nutritional status of children and adults 7.

HIV knowledge, behaviour and Prevalence NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Trends in Child Nutritional Status

Percent of children age under 3 years NFHS-3 NFHS-2

51 45 43 40 20 23 Stunted (Low-height-for-age) Wasted (Low-weight-for-height) Underweight (Low-weight-for- age) NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Anaemia among Children

Percent of children 6-35 months with anaemia

81 79 72 74 Total Urban Rural NFHS-2 NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

How Many Children Receive Services from an AWC?

80 70 60 50 40 Percent of age-eligible children in areas with an AWC 33 30 20 10 0 An y ser vi ce Su pp lem en ta ry foo d 26 Pr e sc hoo l 23 20 18 16 Im m un iz at ion s G row th m on itor in g Hea lth ch ec k up s NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Nutritional Status of Adults

Percent of women and men age 15-49 W omen Men

55 36 34 24 13 9 BMI below normal Overweight/Obese Anaemic NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Malnutrition of Women by Residence and Education Percent of women age 15-49 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 To ta l 13 36 U rb an 24 25 R ur al N 7 41 o ed uc at io n 7 42 13 35 14 35 <8 y ea rs 8 9 ye ar s 10 + ye ar s 21 25 Underweight Overweight N FH S 2 to ta l 11 36 NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Malnutrition of Men by Residence and Education Percent of men age 15-49 50 45 6 5 3 5 40 35 8 14 14 30 25 40 20 15 10 5 34 27 38 38 40 25 Overweight Underweight 0 Total Urban Rural No ed uca tion <8 y ear s 8-9 ye ars 10+ ye ars NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Contents

1.

About NFHS-3 2.

Household and individual characteristics 3.

Fertility, Marriage and Family Planning 4.

Maternal health care 5.

Immunization and child health care 6.

Nutritional status of children and adults 7.

HIV knowledge, behaviour and prevalence NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

AIDS Awareness

Percent of women and men age 15-49 who have heard of AIDS Urban Rural Total

Women 81 46 57 Men 94 73 80 NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Most Adults Support Family Life Education in Schools

63% women and 81% men think that information about HIV/AIDS should be taught in schools to both boys and girls More than 40% of women and 60% of men are in favour of teaching both boys and girls about sexual behaviour and condom use to avoid sexually transmitted diseases Adults are less likely to favour teaching about contraception than about HIV/AIDS

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Coverage of HIV Testing in NFHS-3

• Percent of eligible women age 15-49 and men age 15-54 whose blood was tested for HIV • Women: 85 percent • Men: 78 percent • Response rates are comparable to HIV test response rates on national household surveys worldwide

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

HIV Prevalence

HIV prevalence estimates are based on HIV tests of 102,946 blood samples: 52,853 from de facto women age 15-49 + 50,093 from de facto men age 15-54 NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

HIV Prevalence by Residence and Sex, India

Sex Women (%) Men (%) Total (%) Urban Rural 0.29

0.41

among males than females and 40% higher in urban areas than rural areas

0.18

0.32

0.35

0.25

India 0.22

0.36

0.28

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Summary and Highlights

Substantial improvements have been seen in child survival Fertility continues to decline

–

Urban women have already reached replacement level fertility, but rural women even now have an average of three children For the first time more than half of currently married women are using a contraceptive method NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Summary and Highlights (contd.) There is steady decline in the proportion of women age 20-24 marrying before the legal minimum age of marriage There have been improvements in antenatal care, institutional deliveries, and assistance at delivery by a health professional, but the changes over time have been slow Immunization coverage for children has improved for all vaccines except DPT NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Summary and Highlights (contd.) Full immunization coverage has not changed much in the last 7 years Undernutrition and anaemia among children remain major challenges Adults suffer a dual burden of undernutrition and overnutrition NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Summary and Highlights (contd.) HIV prevalence among the NFHS-3 household population of men and women age 15-49 is 0.28 percent. Based on this estimate and other data, the Government of India has reduced its official HIV estimate for the adult population. However, strong programmes are still required to prevent the further spread of HIV.

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06

Thank you…

And now, on to the rest of the NFHS-3 National Dissemination Seminar!

NFHS-3, India, 2005-06