Transcript Slide 1

2005-06 National Family
Health Survey (NFHS-3)
Key Findings
Contents
1. About NFHS-3
2. Household and individual characteristics
3. Fertility, marriage and family planning
4. Maternal health
5. Immunization and child health care
6. Nutritional status
7. HIV knowledge, behaviour and prevalence
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Overview
 NFHS-3 is the third in the NFHS series of
surveys, preceded by NFHS-1 in 1992-93
and NFHS-2 in 1998-99
 NFHS surveys are conducted under the
stewardship of MoHFW
 IIPS is the nodal agency for the National
Family Health Surveys
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Contd.…
 NFHS-3 is funded by USAID, DFID, the Bill and
Melinda Gates Foundation, UNICEF, and UNFPA
 Macro International provided technical assistance to
NFHS-3
 NACO and NARI provided assistance for the HIV
component
 NFHS-3 fieldwork was carried out by 18 Research
Organizations including some Population Research
Centres
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Scope of NFHS-3
 All 29 states are covered
 Slum and non-slum areas of eight
cities, i.e. Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad,
Indore, Kolkata, Meerut, Mumbai,
Nagpur
 Interviews were conducted with
 Women age 15-49
 Men age 15-54
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Biomarkers Measured in
NFHS-3
 Height and weight
 Haemoglobin content in the blood
to measure anaemia
 Collection of blood samples for
HIV testing
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
NFHS-3 Sample
from 29 states
Number
Interviewed
Response
Rate
Households
109,041
97.7
Women (age 15-49)
124,385
94.5
Men (age 15-54)
74,369
87.1
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Contents
1. About NFHS-3
2. Household and Individual Characteristics
3. Fertility, Marriage and Family Planning
4. Maternal Health
5. Immunization and Child Health
6. Nutritional Status of Children and Adults
7. HIV Knowledge, Behaviour and Prevalence
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Selected Household Characteristics
Percent of households
93
56
Electricity
68
51
Piped water
12
25
83
Any toilet facility
26
45
Urban
Rural
Total
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Media Exposure
Percent with exposure to TV, radio, or
newspaper at least once in a week
87
93
75
55
82
65
73% of urban households and 30% of
rural households possess a TV
Urban
Rural
Women age 15-49
Total
Men age 15-49
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Education
Percent distribution of men and women age 15-49 by
highest level of education
No education
Men
18
27
20
35
< 8 years
complete
8-9 years
complete
Women
41
23
14
22
10 years
complete and
above
NFHS-3 shows that even among those
in the age group 15-19, only 89% of men
and 74% of women are literate
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Distribution of Households by Wealth
Index and Residence
Urban 3 6
Rural
14
19
28
Lowest
48
26
Second
Middle
23
Fourth
16
7
Highest
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Distribution of Households by Wealth
Index and Caste
5
8
10
13
17
16
36
21
21
24
24
23
25
17
22
50
14
28
18
ST
Lowest
SC
Second
Middle
10
OBC
Fourth
Other
Highest
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Proportion of Households in the
Highest Two Wealth Quintiles by State
100
90
89
83
78 77
80
72
66 65
70
60 59
60
57 57 55
49
50
44 43 43
41 40 40
36
40
33 32
30
30
27 26
24 24 23 23
19
20
10
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
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Contents
1. About NFHS-3
2. Household and Individual Characteristics
3. Fertility, Marriage and Family Planning
4. Maternal Health
5. Immunization and Child Health
6. Nutritional Status of Children and Adults
7. HIV Knowledge, Behaviour and Prevalence
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Total Fertility Rate
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.0
3.0
2.7
2.9
3.0
2.7
2.5
2.1
2.5
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.5
1.0
1.0
NFHS-1
NFHS-2
NFHS-3
NFHS-3
Urban
Rural
Total
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Marital Status
Percent of women age 20-24 married by age 18
54
53
50
45
28
NFHS-1
NFHS-2
Total
Urban
Rural
NFHS-3
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Current Contraceptive Use by
Method
Percent of currently married women age 15-49
56
49
37
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ale
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5
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Co
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Desire for No More Children
among Women with 2 Children
83
72
90
88
76
66
61
47
37
NFHS-1
2 sons
NFHS-2
1 son and 1 daughter
NFHS-3
2 daughters
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Contents
1. About NFHS-3
2. Household and individual characteristics
3. Fertility, Marriage and Family Planning
4. Maternal health care
5. Immunization and child health care
6. Nutritional status of children and adults
7. HIV knowledge, behaviour and Prevalence
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Trends in Antenatal Care
Percent of women who had any ANC*
84
86
NFHS-1
91
NFHS-2
72
59
Urban
* For last births in the past 3 years
60
Rural
NFHS-3
77
65
66
Total
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Maternity Care
(for most recent birth in the last 5 years)
75
Urban
Rural
Total
61
52
44
37
35
29
19
3+ ANC
23
IFA for 90+ days
Postnatal care
within 2 days
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Contents
1. About NFHS-3
2. Household and Individual characteristics
3. Fertility, Marriage and Family Planning
4. Maternal Health
5. Immunization and Child Health
6. Nutritional Status of Children and Adults
7. HIV Knowledge, Behaviour and Prevalence
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Infant Mortality Rate
NFHS-1
NFHS-2
NFHS-3
85
79
73
68
62
57
56
47
Urban
42
Rural
Total
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Infant Mortality Rates
79
65
57
57
64
27
6
11
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Child Immunization Trends
Percent of children age 12-23 months vaccinated
62
BCG
54
Polio3
63
72
78
78
52
55
55
DPT3
42
Measles
35
All Vaccines
NFHS-1
NFHS-2
51
59
42
44
NFHS-3
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Contents
1. About NFHS-3
2. Household and individual characteristics
3. Fertility and its determinants
4. Maternal health care
5. Immunization and child health care
6. Nutritional status of children and adults
7. HIV knowledge, behaviour and Prevalence
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Trends in Child Nutritional Status
Percent of children age under 3 years
NFHS-3
NFHS-2
51
45
43
20
40
23
Stunted
Wasted
Underweight
(Low height
for age)
(Low weight
for height)
(Low weight
for age)
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Anaemia among Children
Percent of children 6-35 months with anaemia
74
NFHS-2
79
NFHS-3
72
Urban
81
Rural
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Prime Minister’s Letter to Chief
Ministers of Every State
“A number of reports and surveys, including
the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3)
…seem to indicate a noticeable decline in the
qualitative aspects of the [ICDS] programme.
There is strong evidence that the programme
has not led to any substantial improvement in
the nutritional status of children under six. Our
prevalent rate of under-nutrition in this age
group remains one of the highest in the world”
How Many Children Receive
Services from an AWC?
80
Percent of age-eligible children in areas with an AWC
70
60
50
40
33
26
30
23
20
20
18
16
10
ch
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ea
lt
h
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s
ro
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iz
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l
Pr
esc
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o
en
ta
ry
Su
pp
le
m
A
ny
se
r
vi
ce
fo
od
0
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Body Mass Index (BMI)
●
The BMI is defined as weight in kilograms divided by
height in metres squared (kg/m2).
●
A cut-off point of 18.5 is used to define thinness or acute
undernutrition and a BMI of 25 or above indicates
overweight or obesity. A BMI of 17.0-18.4 refers to mildly
thin and <17.0, refers to moderately/severely thin. A BMI
of over 30.0 refers to obesity.
●
The BMI data discussed excludes women who were
pregnant at the time of the survey and women who gave
birth during the two months preceding the survey.
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Nutritional Status of Adults
Percent of women and men age 15-49
Women
36
Men
55
34
24
13
9
BMI below normal Overweight/ Obese
Anaemic
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Malnutrition of Women by
Residence and Education
Percent of women age 15-49
7
13
7
13
14
24
11
21
41
36
42
35
36
35
Underweight
NF
HS
-2
to
ta
l
25
Ru
ra
ed
uc l
at
i
<8 on
ye
8- ars
9
ye
10 ars
+
ye
ar
s
25
No
To
ta
l
Ur
ba
n
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Overweight
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Malnutrition of Men by
Residence and Education
Percent of men age 15-49
50
45
40
3
5
8
35
6
5
14
14
30
25
20
15
40
38
34
40
38
Overweight
27
25
10
Underweight
5
s
ye
ar
s
10
+
ye
ar
9
rs
8-
ye
a
n
<8
at
io
al
ed
uc
ur
o
R
N
To
ta
l
U
rb
an
0
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Prevalence of reported as well as medically
treated TB higher among men
554
Per 100,000 persons
526
445
334
418
309
Women
Men
Any
Total
Medically treated
Since NFHS-2, reported TB has declined by 18%, but the level of
medically treated TB has not changed
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
NFHS-3, 2005-06
NFHS-3, India,NFHS-3,
2005-06
2005-06
Overall, higher tobacco use among men
(nearly 60%) and in rural areas
(Percentage)
61
57
50
13
11
7
Urban
Rural
Women
Total
Men
NFHS-3, India,NFHS-3,
2005-06
2005-06
Nearly one-third of men drink alcohol; higher
among men, rural areas (33%)
(Percentage)
33
31
1
Urban
3
2
Rural
Women
32
Total
Men
Alcohol use by women is rare.
NFHS-3, India,NFHS-3,
2005-06
2005-06
Spousal Violence: The most common
form of violence against married women
Percent of ever-married women age 15-49
40
Ever
37
27
In the past 12 months
35
24
21
16
10
Physical,
sexual, or
emotional
violence
7
Only
1%
married women
Physical
or of Physical
Sexual
sexual violence
violence
violence
have
ever initiated
violence
against their husband.
11
Emotional
violence
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Spousal Violence by State
Percent of ever-married women
70
59
60
50
40
35
30
25
20
20
13
30 31
22
17
15 15 16 16 16
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
BH
RJ
MP
TR
MN
UP
TN
WB
AS
AR
OR
India
JH
AP
MH
CH
UT
GJ
HR
PJ
MZ
KA
GO
KE
DL
SK
NG
MG
JK
0
42 42
46 46
6
HP
10
27 28 28
39 40 40
38
37 37
44 44
What other factors are strongly associated
with the likelihood of spousal violence?
Percent of ever-married women
HUSBAND'S ALCOHOL
CONSUMPTION
Never drinks
30
Drinks, does not get drunk
47
49
Gets drunk sometimes
Gets drunk very often
RESPONDENT'S FATHER BEAT
HER MOTHER
No
Yes
69
30
60
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Injuries Due to Spousal Violence
Percent of women who have
experienced spousal violence
who had:
Wounds, broken bones/teeth,
other serious injury
7
Eye injuries, sprains,
dislocations, or burns
Severe burns
Cuts, bruises, or aches
Any of these injuries
9
2
36
38
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Contents
1. About NFHS-3
2. Household and individual characteristics
3. Fertility, Marriage and Family Planning
4. Maternal health care
5. Immunization and child health care
6. Nutritional status of children and adults
7. HIV knowledge, behaviour and prevalence
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
AIDS Awareness
Percent of women and men age 15-49 who have heard of AIDS
Urban
Rural
Total
Women
81
46
57
Men
94
73
80
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Most Adults Support Family Life Education
in Schools
63% women and 81% men think that information about
HIV/AIDS should be taught in schools to both boys and
girls
More than 40% of women and 60% of men are in favour
of teaching both boys and girls about sexual behaviour
and condom use to avoid sexually transmitted diseases
Adults are less likely to favour teaching about
contraception than about HIV/AIDS
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Coverage of HIV Testing
•
Percent of eligible women age 15-49
and men age 15-54 whose blood was
tested for HIV
•
•
•
Women: 85 percent
Men: 78 percent
Response rates are comparable to
HIV test response rates on national
household surveys worldwide
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
HIV Prevalence
 HIV prevalence estimates are based on
HIV tests of 102,946 blood samples
(52,853 from de facto women age 15-49
and 50,093 from de facto men age 15-54)
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
HIV Prevalence by Residence
and Sex, India
Sex
Urban
Rural
India
Women
(%)
Men
(%)
Total
(%)
HIV prevalence
rate is 60%
higher
0.29
0.41
among males than females and 40%
higher in urban areas than rural areas
0.35
0.18
0.32
0.25
0.22
0.36
0.28
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Summary and Highlights
Substantial improvements have been seen in
child survival
Fertility continues to decline
– Urban women have already reached the
replacement level of fertility, but rural women
even now have an average of three children
For the first time more than half of the
currently married women are using some
contraceptive method
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Summary and Highlights (contd.)
There is steady decline in the proportion of women
age 20-24 marrying before the legal minimum age of
marriage
There have been improvements in antenatal care,
institutional deliveries, and assistance at delivery by
a health professional, but the changes over time
have been slow
Immunization coverage for children has improved for
all vaccines except DPT
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Summary and Highlights (contd.)
Full immunization coverage has not
changed much in the last 7 years
Undernutrition and anaemia among
children remain major challenges
Adults suffer a dual burden of
undernutrition and overnutrition
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06
Summary and Highlights (contd.)
HIV prevalence in India is much
lower than previously thought,
but strong programmes are
required to prevent the further
spread of the epidemic
NFHS-3, India, 2005-06