Transcript Operations Management and Technology

Operations Management
and Technology
Ross L. Fink
Design Technology
Computer-Aided Design (CAD)
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Refers to the use of computers to
interactively design products and prepare
engineering documentation
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Design Technology
Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)
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Refers to the use of specialized computer
programs to direct and control manufacturing
equipment
Design Technology
Benefits of CAD and CAM
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Product quality
Shorter design time
Production cost reductions
Database availability
New range of capabilities
Reduces need for “similar” parts
Production Technology
 Numerically controlled machines
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Numerical control
Computer numerical control
Direct numerical control
Process control
Vision systems
Robots
Automated storage and retrieval systems
Automated guided vehicles
Flexible manufacturing systems
Computer integrated manufacturing
Production Technology
Process Control - Operation
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Sensors, often analog devices, collect data
Analog devices read data on some periodic basis, perhaps once
a minute or once a second
Measurements are translated into digital signals, and
transmitted to a digital computer
Computer programs read the file (the digital data) and analyze
the data
Output may be a: message on printer or console, signal to a
motor to change a value setting, warning light or horn, process
control chart, etc.
Photo S7.7
Production Technology
Robots
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Machines that hold,
move, or grasp items
Perform monotonous or
dangerous tasks
Used when speed,
accuracy, or strength are
needed
© 1984-1994 T/Maker Co.
Automated Storage and Retrieval
System (ASRS)
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Provide for automatic placement and
withdrawal of parts and products into and
from designated places in a warehouse.
Production Technology
Automatic Guided Vehicles (AGV)
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Material handling
machines
Used to move parts &
equipment in
manufacturing
May be used to deliver
mail & meals in service
facilities
© 1984-1994 T/Maker Co.
Flexible Manufacturing Systems
(FMS)
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Using automated
machines (DNC) &
materials handling
equipment together
Often connected to
centralized computer
Also called automated
work cell
Auto Tool
Chg.
Machine 1
Robot
or AGV
Computer
Auto Tool
Chg.
Machine 2
Production Technology
FMS - Pros & Cons
 Advantages
 Faster, lower-cost changes from one part to another
 Lower direct labor costs
 Reduced inventory
 Consistent, and perhaps better quality
 Disadvantages
 Limited ability to adapt to product or product mix changes
 Requires substantial preplanning and capital
expenditures
 Technological problems of exact component positioning
and precise timing
 Tooling and fixture requirements
Enterprise Resource Planning
(ERP)
 Packaged business software systems that
allow companies to:
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Automate and integrate the majority of their
business processes
Share common data and practices across the
entire enterprise
Produce and access information in a real-time
environment
Advantages of ERP
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Provides integration of supply-chain, production and
administrative processes
Creates commonality of databases
Can incorporate improved, redesigned, “best processes:
Increases communication and collaboration worldwide
Helps integrate multiple sites and business units
Is packaged with a software core that is off-the-shelf
coding
Can provide a strategic advantage over competitors
Disadvantages of ERP
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Is very expensive to purchase, and even more
costly to customize
Requires major changes in the company and its
processes to implement
Is such a complex program that many companies
cannot adjust to it
Involves an ongoing process for implementation,
which is often never completed
Expertise in ERP is limited, with staffing an
ongoing problem
Internet Uses
 Supply Chain Management -- Business
Networking
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Exchange of information
 Purchasing
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Transactions
Identifying vendors
Qualifying vendors
Order tracking
Price negotiation
Feedback
Internet Uses
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Interface with legacy systems
Design
Order fulfillment
Scheduling (Production or Personnel)
Project management
Quality control
Inventory management
Capacity