Transcript Automated software testing
Topics
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Automated software testing. What? Why?
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Automated vs. Manual
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Common types of automated testing methods
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Automated software testing framework
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Summary
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What is automated software testing?
A process which covers:
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the use of software to control the execution of tests
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the comparison of actual outcomes to predicted outcomes
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the setting up of test preconditions
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other test control and test reporting functions.
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Why testing is critical?
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Why automated testing?
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A time savings translates directly into cost savings
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Improves testing productivity
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Improves accuracy
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Increases test coverage
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Does what manual testing cannot do
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Effort and Cost
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Let’s assume 6 test cases Effort required to run all 6 manually => 10 min Effort required to write unit tests for all 6 cases => 10 min Effort required to run unit tests for all 6 cases => < 1 min Number of testing iterations => 5 Total manual testing time => 50 min Total unit testing time => 10 min Release 1 4 5 2 3 Manual Test 10 10 10 10 10 Auto Test 10 0 0 0 0 Manual Test Cumulative 10 20 30 40 50
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Automated vs. Manual testing
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Not all tests can be automated and most times is difficult to decide what to automate and what to manually test.
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Advantages
Automated Testing
• Need to run a set of tests repeatedly • Helps performing "compatibility testing" (on different configurations and platforms) •Long term costs are reduced
Manual Testing
• Test cases have to be run a small number of times • Allows the tester to perform more specific tests • Possible to run regressions on a code that is continuously changing and in shorter time • Short term testing costs are reduced • The more time tester spends testing a module the grater chance to find real bugs
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Disadvantages & other factors
Automated Testing
• It's more expensive to automate (bigger initial investments) • You cannot automate everything, some tests still have to be done manually
Manual Testing
• Manual tests can be very time consuming • For every release you must rerun the same set of tests which can be tiresome
Other Factors
• The performance of your test tools • The knowledge level of your testing team • The continuous growth of software to be tested
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Common types of automated testing methods
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Monkey testing
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Capture / playback
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Code-based (Unit) testing
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Intelligent test automation
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Monkey testing
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Randomly selecting inputs from a large range of values and monitoring if exceptions are thrown.
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For example, a monkey test can enter random strings into text boxes to ensure handling of all possible user input.
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It applies not only for GUI or WEB testing, but also for Unit testing.
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Tools example
Monkey – Android testing tools. The simplest way to use the monkey is with the following command, which will launch the application and send 500 pseudo-random events to it.
$ adb shell monkey -v -p your.package.name 500
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Capture / playback
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It’s a set of software programs that capture user inputs and stores it into a script for later replay.
+ Repeated testing can be performed quickly.
+ Does not require programming skills.
When the GUI changes, input sequences previously recorded may no longer be valid.
Difficult to determine location of bugs.
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Tools example
Autohotkey -
Free keyboard macro program. Supports hotkeys for keyboard, mouse.
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Code-based (Unit) testing
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Individual units of source code are tested to determine if they fit for use.
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Ideally, each test case is independent from the others + Bugs can be found in early development stage + Easy to test boundary cases Not effective for the integrated system testing
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Unit test-case generation method
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Random
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Genetic
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Other…
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Random
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Input values generated randomly
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Run with generated inputs
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User checks output values (pass/fail) and saves them for later automatic checking (Oracle).
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Genetic
This methods approach is to combine JML (JAVA model language) and genetic algorithms. JUnit is used as a test execution platform.
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Tools examples
Parasoft Jtest is an automated Java testing and static code analysis product TestGen is a collection of open-source tools that automatically generates unit test cases.
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Intelligent test automation
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A model-based method for generating tests from a description of an application’s behavior (UML) + Models are simple to modify, so model-based tests are economical to maintain over the life of a project. Most of these methods are researched only theoretically.
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Inputs
OCL + UML
Constraints Inputs generator Tested software UML + OCL Outputs Oracle pass / fail Report Constraints
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Automated testing framework
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A framework is an integrated system that sets the rules of automation of a specific product.
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This system integrates the function libraries, test data sources, object details and various reusable modules.
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The framework provides the basis of test automation and simplifies the automation effort.
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Common types of frameworks
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Data-driven testing
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Keyword-driven testing
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Hybrid testing
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Data-driven testing
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Data-focused automation
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User defines just data sets to run tests with
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Data is defined in external data source and de coupled from script
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Good fit for a single application testing, featuring multi-environment, big datasets, and rarely changing Test Cases
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Good usability and re usability Good test flow coverage Multi-environment support
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Quality and coverage strongly depends on the automation skills of implementing person Continuous maintenance issues due to a big amount of the code Manual validation is required
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Data set
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Test script
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Keyword-driven testing
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Good fit for a multi-application testing featuring multi-environment, big datasets, and a big number of short and straight Test Cases
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Users de-compose test cases into reusable action keywords
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Non-coders are able to author automated test cases with action keywords
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Test development doesn’t require programming skills Good test flow coverage Due to keywords limit doesn’t allow covering very complicated Test Cases Meta-language specific training is required for staff Compact code Manual validation is required
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Example
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Hybrid testing
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Combines the best of data-driven and keyword-driven testing:
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User defines data sets to run tests with
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User also defines flow control through action keywords
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Data is separated from script and stored in external data source with action keywords
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Test Plan / Test Scenario creation doesn’t require programming or training on the Testing Tool Compact code and scalable architecture Built-in strict validation
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Requires initial investment for design and implementation of the framework
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Framework components
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Test generation (data and script generators).Tools might create specialized data such as randomized email messages, or populate databases etc.
System configuration. Tools might preserve or reproduce system parameters.
Test execution. Tools might operate the software itself, either simulating a user working through the GUI and using an alternative testable interface.
Oracles. An oracle is any mechanism by which we detect failure or success. Tools might automatically detect certain kinds of error conditions in a product. Activity recording & coverage analysis. Tools might watch testing as it happens and retrospectively report what was and was not tested. Test management. Tools might record test results, organize test ideas or metrics.
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General framework structure
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Common functional automated test tools
Tool
IBM / Rational Functional Tester (RFT) HP / Mercury Quick Test Pro (QTP) Selenium RC & IDE
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• • Built as Eclipse plug-in with full IDE, Java support and source management • Supports Web-based applications, .Net, Java, Siebel, SAP®, PowerBuilder, AJAX, Adobe Flex, Adobe PDF documents Full GUI Object Map repository • Supports Web 2.0, GWT, Dojo, YUI, Silverlight, Flex, Ajax, JAVA, .NET applications • • Full GUI Object Map repository Seamless integration with QualityCenter • • • • C#) Good browser support Good language support (JAVA, Ruby, Can be easily extended as JUnit suite Open-source (no license cost) •
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License cost • • No IDE (changing in release 10) License cost • VisualBasic scripting is limited • No GUI Object repository • Only web-based application support • Tool support is limited
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Tools examples
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Summary
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Automated testing improves productivity, accuracy, increases test coverage, saves time and cost
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Need to decide what to automate and what to manually test
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The framework provides the basis of test automation and simplifies the automation effort.
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More information
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http://www.slideshare.net/lfingerman/test-automation-best-prcatices with-soa-test-approach http://opuntia.cs.utep.edu/utjml/utest.html
http://www.slideshare.net/yogindernath/understanding-of automation-framework-presentation http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/rational/library/591.html
http://www.satisfice.com/presentations/agileauto.pdf
http://automation-beyond.com/2009/05/30/test-automation practices-recordplayback/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_automation http://www.slideshare.net/directi/automated-testing-vs-manual testing-391121
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Thank you!
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Question ???
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What is the benefit of automated testing?
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What are the common types of automated testing methods?
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What are the common types of frameworks?
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What components come to framework?
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What are the examples of automated testing tools?
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