Chapter 26 Section 2
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Transcript Chapter 26 Section 2
The Cold War Heats Up
Marshall Plan
Program of American
economic assistance to
Western Europe
Begun in 1947
Developed by Sec of State
George Marshall
Wanted to develop strong
democracies rather than
struggling nations that
might turn to
Communism
Invested $13 billion in
Western Europe
Berlin Blockade
1948- Allies announce
plans to unite Western
zones in Germany
Created West Germany
Soviets respond by
creating East Germany
People in east escaped
through West Berlin
So Stalin closed West
Berlin
Willing to let them
starve if U.S. did not
abandon West Berlin
Berlin Airlift
Moving supplies into
West Berlin by
American and British
planes during the
Soviet blockade in 19481949
13,000 tons of supplied
delivered daily
Soviets gave up, but
Berlin remained a
source of conflict
How did Berlin’s location
make it difficult to supply?
It’s about 100 miles
deep in Soviet
controlled East
Germany
Difficult for Western
Allies to get to
What was the
importance of the airlift?
Allowed West Berlin to
remain free from
Communist domination
Allowed President
Truman to avoid
military force
Show European allies
that the U.S. would
honor its commitments
in Europe
North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
NATO
1949 alliance of nations
that agreed to band
together in the event of a
war and to support and
protect each nation
involved
Led by a U.S. general
Large commitment of
American troops
An attack on one was
seen as an attack on all
Collective Security
The principle of mutual
military assistance
among nations
Warsaw Pact
Military alliance
between the Soviet
Union and the nations
of Eastern Europe
Soviet response to
NATO
Formed in 1955
Stalin dead by then
Soviet Atomic Threat
Soviets successfully
detonate an atomic bomb
in 1949
In response, Truman
wants to move ahead to
develop a new weapon
Hydrogen bomb-more
powerful than atomic
bomb
Have one by 1952
So do the Soviets
China Falls to
Communists
1949
Communists lead by Mao
Zedong take over in China
Assumed to be a failure of
Containment and the
Truman Doctrine
Anticommunist forces under
Chiang Kai-shek have to flee
to Taiwan
Claimed to be the
legitimate government of
China
Represented China in UN
House Un-American
Activities Committee
Established in 1938
Investigated disloyalty
in the U.S.
Hollywood 10
Group of people in the
film industry who were
jailed for refusing to
answer Congressional
questions regarding
Communist influence
in Hollywood
Blacklist
List that circulated
among employers
Began in 1947
Contained the names of
persons who should
not be hired
Usually because of a
connection to
Communism
Real or imagined
McCarran-Walter Act
Passed by Congress in
1952
Reaffirmed the quota
system
Discriminated against
potential immigrants
from Asia, Southern,
and Central Europe
Vetoed by President
Overridden and
passed by Congress
What did the HUAC hearings
and the McCarran-Walter Act
show about American
attitudes?
They demonstrated the
paranoia and distrust
on the part of
Americans toward
Communism
Spies in the U.S.
Alger Hiss
Former state department
employee
FDR advisor at Yalta
Truman administration
defended Hiss for 2 years
Eventually proven to be a
spy by a young lawyer
named Richard Nixon
Spies in the U.S.
Julius and Ethel
Rosenberg
Members of the
Communist Party
Accused of helping the
Soviets obtain the atomic
bomb
Executed
Both Hiss and the
Rosenbergs were proven
to be guilty years later