Chapter 18 Section 1 Origins of the Cold War

Former Allies Crash • Problems building between the US and SU before and during WWII

Former Allies Crash • Soviet Communism: – State controlled all property – All economic activity – Totalitarian Communist Party allowed no opposition party

Former Allies Crash • The United States: – Capitalist system – Private citizens controlled almost all property and economic activity

Former Allies Crash • US furious at Stalin Signed nonaggression pact with Hitler in 1939

Truman Becomes President • Key American figure in early part of the Cold War • Became President when FDR died • 82 days as Vice President-met with FDR only twice

Truman Becomes President • FDR left Truman uninformed on military matters

Truman Becomes President • With the war ending Truman would have to 1. Make difficult military decisions

Potsdam Conference • Truman ’ s 1 st meeting with other major world leaders-Potsdam, July 1945

Potsdam Conference • Not only did the Soviets not allow free elections in Poland, but they banned democratic parties

Potsdam Conference • Truman pushed for free elections-Stalin refused

Tension Mounts • Refusal to allow free elections convinced Truman that American and Soviet goals were at odds

Tension Mounts • Americans and British opposed Soviet demands

Tension Mounts • At odds over Eastern Europe • US wanted Eastern Europe to stay open to trade

Soviets Tighten Grips on Eastern Europe • Soviets felt justified to stay in Eastern Europe

Soviets Tighten Grips on Eastern Europe • Stalin propped up communist governments in Eastern European nations • The

Satellite Nations-

Soviets Tighten Grips on Eastern Europe • Stalin seized the industry of these nations to rebuild the Soviet Union

United States Establishes a Policy of Containment • US institutes a policy of

Containment

towards the Soviet Union

United States Establishes a Policy of Containment • Containment Policy worked by: – Creating alliances – Supporting weaker nations

United States Establishes a Policy of Containment • March 1946 Churchill gives his “ Iron Curtain ” speech

Cold War in Europe • Conflicting US and Soviet aims in Eastern Europe led to the

Cold War

Cold War in Europe • During the Cold War, the US and Soviet Union tried to spread their economic and political influence wherever they could – Eventually spread to Asia, Africa, and Latin America

The Truman Doctrine • US 1 st tried to contain communism in Greece and Turkey

The Truman Doctrine • • US spent $400 million to help Greece and Turkey

Truman Doctrine-

Marshall Plan • After WWII, Europe was in economic chaos

Marshall Plan • 1946-47-harsh winter • Food shortages • Fuel shortages

Marshall Plan • June 1947 US Secretary of State George Marshall proposed that the US help

Marshall Plan • Congress debated plan for several months • Then…

Marshall Plan • Invasions showed the need for congress to move quickly and help create strong, stable governments in Europe

Marshall Plan • The Plan was a success • By 1952 Western Europe was flourishing

Superpowers Struggle Over Germany • Europe starts to get back on its feet • Western allies and Soviets arguing over German reunification

Berlin Airlift • 1948-Western Zones combine into 1 nation • Soviets respond by holding Berlin Hostage

Berlin Airlift • Soviets cut off all access to Berlin • No supplies could get in

Berlin Airlift • Americans and British started the

Berlin Airlift-

fly food and supplies to West Berlin

Berlin Airlift • 277,000 flights made delivering 2.3 million tons of supplies • West Berlin survived

Berlin Airlift • May 1949 West Germany becomes known as the Federal Republic of Germany with its capital at Bonn • East Germany becomes German Democratic Republic with its capital in East Berlin

NATO • Blockade increased fear of Soviet aggression

NATO • NATO-North Atlantic Treaty Organization • An attack on one regarded as an attack on all