Transcript Chapter 18 Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
Chapter 18 Section 1 Origins of the Cold War
Former Allies Crash • Problems building between the US and SU before and during WWII
Former Allies Crash • Soviet Communism: – State controlled all property – All economic activity – Totalitarian Communist Party allowed no opposition party
Former Allies Crash • The United States: – Capitalist system – Private citizens controlled almost all property and economic activity
Former Allies Crash • US furious at Stalin Signed nonaggression pact with Hitler in 1939
Truman Becomes President • Key American figure in early part of the Cold War • Became President when FDR died • 82 days as Vice President-met with FDR only twice
Truman Becomes President • FDR left Truman uninformed on military matters
Truman Becomes President • With the war ending Truman would have to 1. Make difficult military decisions
Potsdam Conference • Truman ’ s 1 st meeting with other major world leaders-Potsdam, July 1945
Potsdam Conference • Not only did the Soviets not allow free elections in Poland, but they banned democratic parties
Potsdam Conference • Truman pushed for free elections-Stalin refused
Tension Mounts • Refusal to allow free elections convinced Truman that American and Soviet goals were at odds
Tension Mounts • Americans and British opposed Soviet demands
Tension Mounts • At odds over Eastern Europe • US wanted Eastern Europe to stay open to trade
Soviets Tighten Grips on Eastern Europe • Soviets felt justified to stay in Eastern Europe
Soviets Tighten Grips on Eastern Europe • Stalin propped up communist governments in Eastern European nations • The
Satellite Nations-
Soviets Tighten Grips on Eastern Europe • Stalin seized the industry of these nations to rebuild the Soviet Union
United States Establishes a Policy of Containment • US institutes a policy of
Containment
towards the Soviet Union
United States Establishes a Policy of Containment • Containment Policy worked by: – Creating alliances – Supporting weaker nations
United States Establishes a Policy of Containment • March 1946 Churchill gives his “ Iron Curtain ” speech
Cold War in Europe • Conflicting US and Soviet aims in Eastern Europe led to the
Cold War
Cold War in Europe • During the Cold War, the US and Soviet Union tried to spread their economic and political influence wherever they could – Eventually spread to Asia, Africa, and Latin America
The Truman Doctrine • US 1 st tried to contain communism in Greece and Turkey
The Truman Doctrine • • US spent $400 million to help Greece and Turkey
Truman Doctrine-
Marshall Plan • After WWII, Europe was in economic chaos
Marshall Plan • 1946-47-harsh winter • Food shortages • Fuel shortages
Marshall Plan • June 1947 US Secretary of State George Marshall proposed that the US help
Marshall Plan • Congress debated plan for several months • Then…
Marshall Plan • Invasions showed the need for congress to move quickly and help create strong, stable governments in Europe
Marshall Plan • The Plan was a success • By 1952 Western Europe was flourishing
Superpowers Struggle Over Germany • Europe starts to get back on its feet • Western allies and Soviets arguing over German reunification
Berlin Airlift • 1948-Western Zones combine into 1 nation • Soviets respond by holding Berlin Hostage
Berlin Airlift • Soviets cut off all access to Berlin • No supplies could get in
Berlin Airlift • Americans and British started the
Berlin Airlift-
fly food and supplies to West Berlin
Berlin Airlift • 277,000 flights made delivering 2.3 million tons of supplies • West Berlin survived
Berlin Airlift • May 1949 West Germany becomes known as the Federal Republic of Germany with its capital at Bonn • East Germany becomes German Democratic Republic with its capital in East Berlin
NATO • Blockade increased fear of Soviet aggression
NATO • NATO-North Atlantic Treaty Organization • An attack on one regarded as an attack on all