Chapter 26 Section 1 Origins of the Cold War

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1945- A Critical Year Differences at Yalta

– Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill were the people at Yalta • • Germany Agreed to spilt Germany into four different pieces The American, British and French zones became one West Germany and the Soviet zone became East Germany – • • • Poland Stalin knew that Poland was a good place to invade Russia He did not want Poland’s old government to resume power Stalin said they had to be sympathetic to Soviet security needs

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The United Nations

– – – The United Nations is a new international peacekeeping organization Members would try to settle their differences peacefully and would promote justice and cooperation in solving international problems Try to stop wars from happening and take effective collective measures to end those that did break out • 11 members represented the different countries United States, Soviet Union, Great Britain, France and China had permanent seats on the Security Council and a veto over proposed policies

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The Potsdam Conference

• Britain and America continued to debate divisions of the Yalta conference with Stalin • Truman knew the atom bomb was being tested in New Mexico, trying to intimate Stalin he told him about it- Stalin simple nodded

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Conflicting Postwar Goals

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The American View

• America wanted to spread democracy and economic opportunity to the conquered nations of Europe and Asia • An economically strong and politically open world would provide more markets

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The Soviet View

• After the losses in the war they wanted to make sure that did not happen again • Satellite Nations – Countries subject to Soviet domination, on western borders that would be a buffer zone against attacks • Spread communism – Doctrine said that the overthrow of capitalism was inevitable and the role of the government is to speed it up

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Soviets Tighten Their Hold

– Albania and Bulgaria • • Albania Communist guerrilla forces drove out Germans in 1944 Elections the following year caused all anti communist leaders to be silenced – • Bulgaria Soviets took over in 1944 and took control in 1948

• – Czechoslovakia In 1946 communists controlled 40% of the vote – To get support for the party they staged rallies, strikes and violent uprisings – 1948 they were a communist satellite nation

• – Hungary and Romania • Hungary Communist controlled the police and arrested anti communist leaders allowing communist to win elections – • • Romania Communists forced the King to name a communist Prime Minister Two years later the Prime Minister forced the King to step down

• East Germany – Seeking revenge Stalin set up a brutal totalitarian government – Became known as German Democratic Republic

• • – Finland and Yugoslavia • Finland Treaty of Cooperation with Soviets in 1948 – Required Finland to remain neutral in foreign affairs and was allowed to control its own diplomatic affairs • • • Yugoslavia Communist gained control in 1945 through Josip Broz aka Tito Tito refused to take orders from Stalin Tito made his own form of communism free from Stalin

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The Iron Curtain

– Stalin said that Communism would triumph of capitalism and called for Communism to spread in many ways – Iron Curtain » Invisible line that separates Communism from the rest of the world – Cold War » Competition that developed between the united states and the Soviet Union for power and influence in the world

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Containment

• Containment Keeping communism where communism already is and not allowing it to spread

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The Truman Doctrine

• Communism was threatening Greece and Turkey • Truman Doctrine – Called for America to take leadership role in the world – Said people can either live freely or under dictatorial rule – We as free people are responsible to help out other free people