Transcript 景框/ 構圖
Shot Terms Framing / Composition Principle of Composition Distance Conversation with Shot Establishment People Angle Direction Camera Movement View Point TA-WEI, LIN., 2011 Shot Terms Framing / Composition Principle of Composition Distance Conversation with Shot Establishment People Angle Direction Camera Movement View Point 00 00 TA-WEI, LIN., 2011 名詞 Terms • 影格(Frame) • 鏡頭(Shot)：攝影機啟動紀錄至停止的一段連續影像。 • 場景(Scene)：發生在同一地點、同一時間的完整紀錄 。 00 00 TA-WEI, LIN., 2011 Shot Terms Framing / Composition Principle of Composition Distance Conversation with Shot Establishment People Angle Direction Camera Movement View Point 00 00 TA-WEI, LIN., 2011 景框 / 構圖 Framing / Composition •視覺構成：表演動作、戲劇、燈光、服裝、道具、佈景…等。 •場面調度：源自法國劇場，原義是舞台的部位。應用於電影，為視覺元素的 流動韻律，包含動作的安排表演、燈光、佈景、道具、構圖、拍攝方式等元 素。 •構圖原則：依照影片的內容，要給觀眾看到什麼？表達什麼心理情境？ 00 00 TA-WEI, LIN., 2011 Shot Terms Framing / Composition Principle of Composition Distance Conversation with Shot Establishment People Angle Direction Camera Movement View Point 00 00 TA-WEI, LIN., 2011 構圖原則 Principle of Composition •主體位置 •平衡/傾斜 •三分原則 •偶數/奇數 •線條圖形 •創造景深：Z(z-axis)軸(畫面深度)，前景─中景─背景、廣角 •創造螢幕外空間：出入鏡、視線方向 •景框邊緣：頭頂空間(head room) 鼻前空間(nose room) 視線空間(look space) 00 00 TA-WEI, LIN., 2011 Shot Terms Framing / Composition Principle of Composition Distance Conversation with Shot Establishment People Angle Direction Camera Movement View Point 00 00 TA-WEI, LIN., 2011 距離 Distance •親密距離：大特寫、特寫 •個人距離：中近景 •社會距離：中景、遠景 •公眾距離：遠景、大遠景 •攝影機離被攝物越遠，觀眾的態度越中立 •卓別林：「喜劇用遠景，悲劇用特寫」 00 00 TA-WEI, LIN., 2011 Shot Terms Framing / Composition Principle of Composition Distance Conversation with Shot Establishment People Angle Direction Camera Movement View Point 00 00 TA-WEI, LIN., 2011 鏡頭語言 Conversation with Shot •大特寫(extreme close-up，ECU/XCU) •特寫(close-up，CU)：將主體從週遭環境孤立出來，強調細部 •中景(medium shot，MS)：呈現主體及部份環境，從膝或腰上景 •全景(full shot) •遠景(long shot，LS)：強調主體與環境關係 •大遠景(extreme long shot，LS/XLS)：史詩型電影 00 00 TA-WEI, LIN., 2011 Shot Terms Framing / Composition Principle of Composition Distance Conversation with Shot Establishment People Angle Direction Camera Movement View Point 00 00 TA-WEI, LIN., 2011 建構語言 Establishment •建立鏡頭(establishing shot/master shot) •建立場景和位置(遠景─中景─特寫，特寫─中景─遠景) •觀點鏡頭(point-of-view，POV shot) •反應鏡頭 00 00 TA-WEI, LIN., 2011 Shot Terms Framing / Composition Principle of Composition Distance Conversation with Shot Establishment People Angle Direction Camera Movement View Point 00 00 TA-WEI, LIN., 2011 人物景框 People •半身鏡頭(bust shot) •膝上鏡頭(knee shot) •兩人鏡頭(two-shot) •三人鏡頭(three-shot) •過肩鏡頭(over-the-shoulder shot，O/S) 00 00 TA-WEI, LIN., 2011 Shot Terms Framing / Composition Principle of Composition Distance Conversation with Shot Establishment People Angle Direction Camera Movement View Point 00 00 TA-WEI, LIN., 2011 攝影角度與視覺心理 Angle •仰角鏡頭/低角度鏡頭(low-angel shot) •俯角鏡頭/高角度鏡頭(high-angel shot) •鳥瞰鏡頭(bird’s-eye view) •傾斜鏡頭(tilted shot/canted shot) 00 00 TA-WEI, LIN., 2011 Shot Terms Framing / Composition Principle of Composition Distance Conversation with Shot Establishment People Angle Direction Camera Movement View Point 00 00 TA-WEI, LIN., 2011 拍攝人物方位與視覺心理 Direction •完全正面(full front)─面對攝影機，親近參與 •四分之一側面(quarter turn)─部份參與 •側面(profile)─人物注視右方或左方，較疏離 •四分之三側面(the three-quarter)─更疏離 •背對攝影機(back to camera)─排拒或不自覺 00 00 TA-WEI, LIN., 2011 Shot Terms Framing / Composition Principle of Composition Distance Conversation with Shot Establishment People Angle Direction Camera Movement View Point 00 00 TA-WEI, LIN., 2011 相機運動 Camera Movement •升降crane •傾斜tilt •橫搖pan •追蹤track •推拉dolly •縮放zoom 00 00 TA-WEI, LIN., 2011 Shot Terms Framing / Composition Principle of Composition Distance Conversation with Shot Establishment People Angle Direction Camera Movement View Point 00 00 TA-WEI, LIN., 2011 觀點 View Point •第一人稱：又稱主觀鏡頭，亦即將相機當作人物的眼睛。 •第二人稱：又稱反跳，亦即讓人物的眼睛正對相機，通常在於強調二人雙目交接。 •第三人稱：又稱旁觀鏡頭，幾乎所有鏡頭的表現形式都屬於這一類型。 •偷窺觀點：有前景遮蔽的鏡頭，或監視器。 •無生命觀點：以物的角度、被動式移動拍攝，如輸送帶。 00 00 TA-WEI, LIN., 2011 Q&A REFERENCES STANDING ON THE SHOULDERS OF GIANTS 1. Shot (filmmaking) 2.鏡頭語言、視覺心理與構圖 3. Camera angle TA-WEI, LIN., 2011