Transcript 非谓语动词

Non-verbal
主讲教师：熊锟
分类及特点
一、分类：
1、动词不定式（to）do
2、分词 doing/ done
3、动名词 doing
二、特点：
1、不能单独作谓语
2、 没有人称和数的变化
主讲教师：熊锟
一、不定式：to do/ do
有n. adj. adv.和v.特征。可作主语、表语、
宾语、定语和状语。
主语：
1. To talk with him is a great pleasure.
2. It’s a pleasure to talk with him.
表语: Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.
宾语: We decided to make changes in our plan.
主讲教师：熊锟
复合宾语：ask sb. to do sth.(order persuade advise
like want tell know help )
定语： He is always the first one to get up.
状语： He is studying to prepare for the exam.
不带to的不定式一听（hear , listen to）二
看（see , watch）三让（make , let）四感觉
（ feel） 半帮助（help）和 有（ have ）：
I have something tell you.
主讲教师：熊锟
注意：
 被动语态不能省to
1）He made me suffer a great deal.
2）He was seen to enter the room.
 不定式的否定not to do
She warned the pupils not to skate on the thin ice.
 疑问词+不定式
1、主动To write/ to be writing/ to have written
2、被动to be written/ to have been written
1）She seems to have read the book before.
2）He seems to be recovering.
主讲教师：熊锟
二、动名词：doing
有n和v的特征。可以作主语、表语、宾语（动
词/介词）和定语。
 主语：Seeing is believing.
 表语：Her job is washing clothes.
 宾语：
1. Please stop talking.
2.Our factory succeeded in making many new
products.
 定语： Miss Li uses a very good teaching method.
主讲教师：熊锟
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否定： not doing
Trying without success is better than not trying
at all.
复合结构：
1. Would you mind his smoking here?
2 . Please excuse my interrupting you.
时态结构：Writing/ having written
被动：Being writing/ having been written
I’m regretting having been unable to write to
you earlier.
Being criticized helped him see thing more
clearly.
主讲教师：熊锟
动名词与不定式的区别：
 1、 除具备动词性质外，动名词只具有名词性质，而不
定式还具有adj.和adv.性质，动名词不能做状语。
 2 、定语：动名词具有名词性质，前置修饰语不定式具
有adj.性质，后置……
 3 、作主语、宾语的区别：
动名词：概念性动作，较笼统，抽象。
不定式：多表示具体、一次性行为。
1）I like dancing.
2）I don’t like to dance tonight.
主讲教师：熊锟
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4、有些动词后，forget , remember ,go on
不定式：后于谓语动词发生的动作。
动名词：先于……。
1）I didn’t remember to phone them last
night.
忘了…打电话.
2）I remember writing down the phone num.
记得记下……
主讲教师：熊锟
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另：有些动词，stop, remember, forget后接动
名词和不定式，意义有所不同：
1. Stop talking.
2. The workers stopped to have a rest at noon.
3. I remember seeing him.
4. You must remember to post the letter.
主讲教师：熊锟
三、分词：
1、 现在分词 doing
2 、过去分词 done
具有v.和adj.的特征，可有宾语（doing）或状语。
现在分词（doing）与过去分词（done）的区别：
 1） 语态：doing 表示主动， done 被动。
An exciting story；excited people
2 ）时间上：doing 正在进行，done 已经完成。
Boiling water；boiled water
主讲教师：熊锟
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用法：
1、定语：放所修饰词之前。
I am reading a very interesting book.
2、表语：The cups are broken.
3、状语：
Opening the drawer,he took out a book.
4、 否定：not doing/ done
Not knowing what to do, she went to the teacher
for help.
* Have sth. done
You’d better have your clothes washed.
主讲教师：熊锟
分词作复合宾语：
 1、看：see， watch
 2、听： hear，listen to
 3、让： keep ,get , have ,set
 4、发现： find
1）We saw them walking across the road.
2）I found my town almost completely rebuilt.
3）I had my watch mended in town.
主讲教师：熊锟
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现在分词与动名词的区别：
1、作主语补语时， 动名词相当n.，现在
分词相当adj.
1）His job is moving garbage.(垃圾)
2）His story is moving . (现在分词)
2、动名词不能作状语。
He tore his clothes by climbing trees.(弄破)
主讲教师：熊锟
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现在分词与不定式的区别：
1、现在分词不能作主语或宾语。
2、一些感官动词后，do：表示动
作全过程，doing： 正在进行。
1）I heard her sing a song.(唱了)
2）……singing a song (在唱)