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African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses
Afrikanske Monsun: Multidisiplinære Analyser
Afrikaanse Moesson Multidisciplinaire Analyse
Analisi Multidisciplinare per il Monsone Africano
Afrikanischer Monsun: Multidisziplinäre Analysen
Analisis Multidiciplinar de los Monzones Africanos
Analyses Multidisciplinaires de la Mousson Africaine
The WAM is an ideal natural laboratory for exploring
the coupled atmosphere-land-ocean system
Key features of the West African
Monsoon Climate System during
Boreal summer
SAL
Heat
Low
AEJ
ITCZ
Cold
Tongue
AMMA is definitively International
More than 500 Researchers from around 30 countries in Africa, Europe & USA
Algeria, Belgium, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cap Verde, Chad, Congo,
Denmark, France, Germany, Ghana, Italy, Ivory Coast, Mali, Morocco, Netherlands,
Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Spain, Togo, UK, US
Endorsed by Major International Programmes
Collaboration with other international Programmes as:
WMO
1. AMMA International
AIMS
(1) To improve our understanding of the WAM and its influence on the
physical, chemical & biological environment regionally and globally.
(2) To provide the underpinning science that relates variability of the WAM to
issues of health, water resources, food security & demography for West
African nations and defining and implementing relevant monitoring &
prediction strategies.
(3) To ensure that the multidisciplinary research carried out in AMMA is
effectively integrated with prediction & decision making activity.
IGB
Endorses the Science &
Implementation Plans
ICIG
Produces the Science &
Implementation Plans
Integrative Science
Obs implementation
ISSC
TT1
Radio soundings
WG1
WAM & global
climate (incl
PO
aerosol/chemistry
TT2a
Surface Layer
TT2b
Aerosol & Radiation
WG4
Land surface-atmosphereocean feedbacks
TT3
Gourma site
TT4
Niamey site
TT5
Ouémé site
TT6
Oceaic campaigns
TT7
WG5
SOP-Dry season
High impact weather
prediction
Links with International Programmes
(WCRP, IGBP, THORPEX, ..)
TT8
ST2 incl
AOC
Prediction of
climate impacts
ST4
Capacity
building
&
training
SOP-Monsoon season
AMMA
National &
Pan
Scientific
Committees
TT9
SOP-Downstream
ARM
ST3 Database
WG3
Water cycle
ST1 EOP/LOP
WG2
WG1: West African Monsoon and Global Climate
Co-chairs: Arona Diedhiou (IRD, Niger), Serge Janicot (LOCEAN, France)
Peter Lamb (Univ. Oklahoma, US)
This WG is concerned with the 2-way interactions between the West African
Monsoon & the rest of the globe.
Research areas under this theme include:
(i) Variability and predictability of the WAM (nature and role of teleconnections,
intraseasonal variability including easterly waves, predictability issues and the role
of the ocean, detection of global change),
(ii) Monsoon processes (e.g. scale interactions, the seasonal cycle and monsoon
onset),
(iii) Global impacts of the WAM (e.g. on tropical cyclones, aerosol variability,
atmospheric chemistry).
n.b. includes aerosol-chemistry, modeling strategy evolving
WG1: West African Monsoon and Global Climate
Dominant pattern of precipitation error
associated with dominant pattern of SST
prediction error based on persistent SST
anomalies (Goddard & Mason ,Climate
Dynamics, 2002)
Coupled model systematic error in equatorial SST
simulation – note systematic error in east-west
gradient in the tropical Atlantic
10 years of observation and research
104
WA +Ocean
Regional
ong term Observations (LOP)
Enhanced
Period
E
(EOP)
103
DRY
Meso
102
0
WET
S O P103
0
Local
101
2002
2005
2006
2007
2008
AMMA SOP Year: 2006
<---------------------------------->
<----------------->
SOP0
SOP1
<----
July
August
September
<------------------------------------------------->
SOP2
<------->
October
0
November
December
SOP0_a3 ?
June
SOP3_a1
May
SOP2_a3
April
3
SOP2_a2
March
2
SOP2_a1
February
SOP0_a2
AMMA SOPs
SOP0_a1
January
1
SOP1_a
0
Monsoon Phases
SOP3
SOP Ground instruments remaining on site for the whole annual cycle (AMF, Aerosol Measurements, Lidars, …)
----->
>>The US contribution to AMMA data collection is significant,
about $14M.
>>In addition, there are US contributions to AMMA from NCEP
as well as individual PIs funded for analytical work on the WAM.
>>Recognizing this large investment by U.S. funding agencies a
U.S. AMMA workshop was convened with the following aims:
(1) provide an overview of the national and international AMMA
project including planned research and field observations,
(2) discuss and identify the key science issues that interest US
PIs in the context of AMMA,
(3) define coordinated actions for US contributions to AMMA
US contributions to AMMA field program in 06
SALEX: NOAA P3 and G-IV
NASA-AMMA
Targeted Missions and
Dropsonde flights with G-IV
Targeted Missions with
DC-8, + Ground-based
obs. (N-Pol + TOGA
radars, soundings)
ARM mobile facility (DOE)
Driftsonde/THORPEX
(NCAR/NSF/NOAA +
CNES, France)
MIT-radar (NASA)
Surface obs. – malaria studies (NOAA)
ZEUS lightning
detection network?
Surface-based research
radars
Climate Transect
US-GCOS: Hydrogen
generator at Dakar
Ronald H. Brown Cruises + ship-based obs
(NOAA), supported by multi-year
sustained obs (see next slide)
Long-term observations in the tropical Atlantic
Key Science Issues for WG1: West African Monsoon and Climate
Monsoon processes,
>The role of SSTs on the evolution of the WAM
>The southern hemisphere tropical stratus deck and the WAM
>> Scale interactions (e.g., weather/jet interactions and the WAM)
>Diabatic heating profiles and their impact on WAM circulations.
Variability and Predictability of the WAM,
> >Mechanisms that force SST variability
>Variability of mesoscale and synoptic weather systems and their
 relationship with the large-scale environment;
>Proxies for rainfall to extend the observational record.
Offshore impacts of the WAM,
 >Impacts of variability of the WAM (e.g., linked to shear, SAL,
weather systems) on variability of tropical cyclone activity.
Aerosol/Radiation issues
>Relative roles of local biomass burning and transport of
plumes from other parts of the region on the radiation budget.
>Quantify the extent aerosol experiences wet deposition and
affects the chemical composition of the rainwater.
>Respective roles of dust and biomass burning in modulating
the radiation heating profile over West Africa (and how this
impacts the WAM).
A key cross-cutting activity that falls under the auspices of
WG1 is the US-led West African Monsoon Model Evaluation
(WAMME) project. This is a CEOP/CIMS modeling initiative
led by Yongkang Xue, Kerry Cook and Bill Lau and is
concerned with evaluating models in the WAM region.
3.1 AMMA US Science Team
Recognizing the significant US role in the AMMA field campaign and
the keen interest of many US PIs in AMMA Science (79 people attended
this workshop), an AMMA Science team built around funded
contributions to the five international WGs and including an emphasis on
the cross-cutting themes (Modeling of the coupled WAM system and
Climate impacts) was formed.
The AMMA Science Team will be coordinated by an excutive committee
that consists of : Kerry Cook, Jason Dunion, Fatih Eltahir, Greg Jenkins,
Paul Houser, Arlene Laing, Peter Lamb, Erica Key, Bob Molinari, Chris
Thorncroft, Sylwia Trzaska.
ADVANTAGES TO U.S. AMMA PROGRAM BECOMING
A U.S. CLIVAR PROPOSED ACTIVITY
(1) Access to PSMIP activities directed at improving models
(2) Access to other process study PI’s to learn from their
experiences in data analyses, modeling, modeler-data
collector interactions, etc.
(3) Advice from PMSIP on adequacy of U.S. AMMA planning
and implementation
(4) Assist U.S. CLIVAR in coordination efforts with similar
national and international studies
(5) Benefit from PMSIP interactions with in situ and satellite
observations communities
CONVERSELY, U.S. CLIVAR WILL BENEFIT FROM
AMMA EFFORTS DIRECTED AT PMSIP GOALS