Transcript Football and Discrimination

Football and Discrimination
Nancy J. Burnett, UW-Oshkosh
Lee Van Scyoc, UW –Oshkosh
Discrimination and Sports
• Previous Work:
– Baseball and Salary or Memorabilia
• Black League
– Coaching in Football
• Regulation Shift: Rooney Rule, 2002
– Football and Salary?
Players Status and Salary Offers
• Rookie
– Accept Offer or Sit at Home (unpaid)!
• Restricted Free Agent
– Play 3+ seasons and expired contract, received
qualifying offers from old club and can negotiate until
1 week before NFL Draft (revert to original club). If
accept new offer, old club right to match and retain.
• UnRestricted Free Agent
– 4 or more seasons and expired contract. Free to sign
with any club.
Position?
• Need variability by race
– QB? Running Backs?
– Linebackers
• About 75% Non-White
• Ongoing need for this position, each team has several
players in this position
• Several quality players in draft every year
1st Round Linebacker Draft Picks
NFL Draft Year
Name
Draft #
2009
Aaron Curry
4
2008
Vernon Gholston
6
2007
Patrick Willis
11
2006
A.J. Hawk
5
2005
DeMarcus Ware
11
2004
Jonathan Vilma
12
2003
Terrell Suggs
10
2002
Napoleon Harris
23
2001
Dan Morgan
11
2000
LaVarr Arrington
2
2000
Brian Urlacher
9
Salary and Rookie Linebackers
• Will vary by year
– Rookie Salary Cap (JeMarcus Russell Rule) in the
Collective Bargaining Agreement of July 25, 2011
• Will vary by quality and need
– Teams ongoing need for linebackers means likely
to draft quality linebacker even if not a team’s
priority position ~ reflected in draft pick number
– Quality, as determined by scouts and college
record, should affect draft pick number
But, What Salary?
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Salary?
Cap Value of Salary?
Base Salary?
Bonus?
»Salary (robust to Bonus)
Data
• 2000-2009
• 377 Linebacker Rookies
– Race (Blk), Year, Draft Number
• If undrafted, Undraft=1 and Draft Number=0
Salary
Blk(0,1)
Draft Number Undraft (0,1) Year(200x)
(0-260)
(0-9)
Mean
655,538
.7533
69.58
(stdev)
762,402
Variable
75.64
.3581
4.172
2.720
Salary and Draft (Quality) by Race
LN(Salary) and Draft by race
OLS Results
Y=LN(Salary)
Coefficient
(t-stat)
Intercept
14.2396
(158.01)**
Blk
-.04423
(-.73)
Draft Number
-.01036
(-21.86)**
Undraft
-2.6146
(-23.34)**
Year
.0634
(5.33)**
Year*Undraft
.06571
(3.28)**
R2
74.4
F
215.54
Conclusions?
• Negative Sign but NO significance on race
variable
• Sign robust to specification of Salary (bonus,
cap, etc)
• NFL has been sensitive to issues of race, so
maybe this is not a surprise.