Transcript 070123Honolulu_GEWEXv07_Houze.ppt

Heating Profiles Associated with Deep
Convection Estimated from TRMM and Future
Satellites
Robert Houze
Wei-Kuo Tao
University of Washington
Goddard Space Flight Center
19th Scientific Steering Group Session of the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment,
January 23, 2007, Honolulu, HI
Relationship of Cloud Water Budgets to
Heating Profile Calculations
Total
heating
Austin and Houze 1973
Houze et al. 1980
Houze 1982, 1989
Takayabu 2002
Shige et al. 2006
Latent
heating
only
Houze 1982
PREMISE
Can also relate all components of heating profiles to
water budget of convective clouds
Total Heating = Latent + Eddy + Radiative
Idealized life cycle of tropical MCS
Houze 1982
Contributions to Total Heating by Convective Cloud System
Conv. LH
Conv. Eddy
Strat. LH
Rad.
Houze 1982
Strat. Eddy
These combine to give “top-heavy” heating profile
TOTAL HEATING
Includes
latent,
eddy, and
radiative
 “top
heavy”
Houze 1982
Think of the following schematic as a composite of the water
budget of an MCS over its whole life cycle
Ac
As
After Houze et al. (1980)
Ac
As


E  a C  C 
A  b C  C 
Rs   s Csu  CT
Stratiform water budget equation
Csu  CT  Rs  Esd  As
Rain not simply related to condensation
sd
s
su
su
where
s  a  b  1
T
T
Ac
As
Convective region water budget equation
Ccu  Rc  Ecd  Ac  CT
Ac
Sum over all
cloud height
categories i
“Spectral
Method”
…Shige et al.
As
R   Rci
For each height category i
i
Ccu   Ccui
i
Ecd   Ecdi
i
CT   CTi
i
Ac   Aci
i
Rci   iCci
Esdi   iCci
Aci  iCci
CTi  iCci
with the constraint
 i   i   i  i  1
(each height cat.)
TRMM Latent Heating Workshops
1st Workshop: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, May
10-11 2001 (W. Olson, R. Johnson and W.-K. Tao) 18 participants
2nd Workshop: NCAR Boulder CO, October 10-11 2001 (M.
Moncrieff, A. Hou and W.-K. Tao) ~ 30 participants after 9.11
3rd Workshop: Nara Japan, September 10-11 2004 (E. Smith, S.
Shige and W.-K. Tao) 20 participants
4th Workshop: Seattle Washington, May 17-19 2006 (R. Houze, E.
Smith and W.-K. Tao) 26 participants
Tao, W.-K., R. Houze, Jr., and E. Smith,
2007: Summary of the 4th TRMM Latent
Heating Workshop, Bull. Amer. Meteor.
Soc., (submitted)
Heat Budget
Can’t
measure
directly
At a level z
Total = Radiation + Eddy fluxes
heating
Q1 
QR
+
LatentLH(z)
Heating
Lf
Lv
Ls
1  w   r
+  [
 V     ] 
(c  e) 
( f  m) 
(d  s)
 z
CP
CP
CP
Vertically integrated


Pbase
1
(Q1  QR )px  L Pc  Ps  So


Lx
Ptop
g
Convective
Stratiform
NOTE: Pc & Ps provide a
constraint when
determining LH(z)
TRMM Observations
Precipitation Radar (PR)—Pc, Ps, Echo Height
TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI)—multifrequency
microwave radiances
LH algorithms designed to be physically consistent with some
combination of these observations
Five Different Latent Heating Algorithms
 Convective - Stratiform Heating - CSH (Tao/Lang et al. 1993, 2000)
PR* or TMI* (Cloud model generated look-up table)
 Spectral Latent Heating - SLH (Shige/Takayabu et al. 2003, 2006)
PR (Cloud model generated look-up table)
Goddard Profiling - GPROF (Olson et al. 1999, 2006)
TMI or PR/TMI Combined (Cloud model generated look-up table)
Hydrometeor Heating - HH (Yang/Smith et al. 1999)
PR or PR/TMI Combined (Hydrometeor mass conservation)
Precipitation Radar Heating - PRH (Satoh/Noda 2001)
PR (Hydrometeor mass conservation)
How do we validate latent heating
algorithms?
Check consistency of derived latent
heating profiles with total heating
determined from soundings.
Soundings  Total Heating, Q1


Q1   [
 V    w ]
t
z
Yanai et al. 1973, and others
Testbeds
SCSMEX
KWAJEX
LBA
ARM SGP
ARM
At testbed sites:
•Determined Q1 profiles from soundings
•Checked consistency with CRM Q1 with sounding data
•Checked consistency of algorithm Q1 or LH with
sounding data
Mean profiles at testbed sites


Q1   [
 V    w
]
t
z
KWAJEX
SCSMEX
LBA
Zhang, Johnson, Schumacher
Workshop Results
CSH & SLH similar for all four testbeds
SCSMEX Result
CRM Simulated
Retrieved & Observed
OBS
CSH
SLH
QR
Eddy
Q1
LH
QR
Recent Applications
• Improve NWP (Rajendran et al. 2004)
• Validate Climate Model (Chen, Del Genio, Chen, 2006)
• Assimilate Q1 heating profiles into Global Model(Hou and
Zhang 2006)
Improved 72 h forecast
GPCP
Rain (satellite observations): 8 February 1998 (12
UTC
45N
30N
15N
EQ
15S
30S
45S
GM
60E
120E
IDL
120W
6OW
With LH algorithm
72-Hour Forecast with
ECPS
( FSU
GM
- GSM
T126L14)
45N
30N
15N
EQ
15S
30S
45S
GM
60E
120E
IDL
120W
Control
72-Hour Forecast Control Run (
45N
FSU
6OW
GM
- GSM
T126L14)
30N
15N
EQ
15S
30S
45S
GM
60E
120E
IDL
0
2
5
10
120W
15
(mm day
6OW
GM
20 35
-1
)
Rajendran et al. (2004, J. Meteor. Soc. Japan)
)
Climate Model Validation
Mean & ENSO 1998 DJF anomalies at altitude of peak latent heating
for the CSH product & GCM
Mean
Anomalies
CSH
GISS
Chen, Del Genio, Chen (2006, J. Climate)
Current Products Available in TSDIS
(Experimental)
CSH (3A25 - PR) - 0.5 x 0.5 degree, Monthly
GPROF (2A12 - TMI) - Orbital, Instantaneous
HH (2B31 - Combined) - Orbital, Instantaneous
Latent Heating Products (Beta - V1 in 2007)
0.5 x 0.5 degree from daily - weekly - seasonal
Convective and Stratiform region
Regimes (e.g., African Monsoon)
19 vertical layers: 0.5, 1, 2, ……….18 km
LH, Q1-QR and Q1
5th TRMM/GPM Latent Heating
Workshop (April or May 2007 - DC Area)
Soliciting the requirements from large-scale modeling
and dynamic community
Latent heating profiles
• Can be determined if the cloud water budget
parameters are known
But radiative heating profiles
• Also related through the cloud water budget
ZAC
IWC
Ac
As
IWC
XAC
Recall
Dimensions and hydrometeor content of
anvils are determined by the cloud dynamics

A  b C


Rs   s Csu  CT
s
su
 CT
Using empirically derived values of the water
budget parameters b and s, the stratiform
regions’ anvil mass is proportional to the
stratiform rain
As =(bRs)/s
400 hPa
K/day
200 hPa streamfunction response to CRF assumed proportional to
TRMM rain by Schumacher et al. (2004)
Summary
• Algorithms for determining LH(z) are being developed by
TRMM/GPM community, experimental products in TSDIS
• Profiles of latent heating, eddy, and radiative heating profiles
not independent but rather closely interrelated through cloud
water budgets.
• Cloud water budget is a powerful way to determine the
consistency of latent, radiative, and eddy heating.
• If latent and radiative heating determined independently,
physical inconsistencies could arise. Cloud water budget
provides a means for establishing consistency.
• Water budget parameters need to be determined--via field
studies supported by high resolution modeling
Thank you!