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2012, 05, 25, NKNU
Implication of vowels
Raung-fu Chung
Southern Taiwan University
[email protected]
1. As is often the case, vowel qualities are
subject to external factors such as age,
gender, education, regions. – extrinsic
properties
2. Vowels vary in accordance to their
environments---intrinsic properties
3. The measurement of vowels might be
examined in a more detailed manner.
Peterson & Barney (1952)
English vowels and tones
Hakka vowels and tones
Hakka vowels with checked tones
Normalized Hakka [a]
Hakka [i]
Hakka [u]
10 points in normalization
Concluding remarks:
1. What comes out in this study:
2. Theoretical implications
3. What should be done in the future
• Thanks for your attention！