Transcript Ch 20.1 Notes

Chapter 20 Section 1
Acids:
-taste sour
-aqueous solutions of acids are electrolytes
-cause indicators to change color (ex- blue litmus
paper will turn red)
-can dissolve metals
-can burn skin
-can neutralize a base (will form salt and water
when reacted with a base)
acid- a compound that produces hydrogen ions
when dissolved in water
ex- HCℓ(aq) → H+(aq) + Cℓ-(aq)
-acids are compounds dissolved in water
-will have (aq)
-always begin with hydrogen (H)
Ex- HCℓ
H3PO3
H2SO4
Rules for Naming Acids
-you must look at what follows the hydrogen
1) if single element (ends in –ide), use prefix
hydro-, root of the element, -ic ending and the
word acid
ex- HCℓ
hydrochloric acid
2) if what follows hydrogen ends in –ite, add –ous
ending to root of the polyatomic ion and add acid
ex- H3PO3
phosphorous acid
3) if what follows hydrogen ends in –ate, add –ic
ending to root of the polyatomic ion and add acid
ex- H2SO4
sulfuric acid
**Reverse rules to write formulas from name
Try these!!
HI
H2CO3
hydroiodic acid
carbonic acid
sulfurous acid
Write formulas for:
nitrous acid
HNO2
hydrosulfuric acid
H2S
chloric acid
HCℓO3
H2SO3
Base- a substance that produces OH- ions in
aqueous solution
ex- NaOH(aq) → Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)
*also known as alkaline
Bases
-taste bitter
-slippery feeling
-can be strong or weak electrolytes
-can neutralize an acid (will form salt and water
when reacted with an acid)
-cause indicators to change color (ex- red litmus
paper will turn blue)
Naming Bases
*all bases end with –OH
-named the same way we name ionic compounds
1) name cation
2) add word hydroxide
exNaOH
sodium hydroxide
calcium hydroxide
Ca(OH)2