Transcript Acknowledgement Any survey work is impossible with out any support of expert and professional and that study is not an exception.

Acknowledgement
Any survey work is impossible with out any support of expert and
professional and that study is not an exception. Therefore First of all I would like
to express my deep sense indebted to Dr. Meenakshi Srivastava. Head of the
department of zoology university of Lucknow. This able guidance
encouragement and timely suggestion provided me incentive to work on the
problem assigned to me.
Thanks are more than due to Dr.Nirupma Agarwal professor of
zoology department for providing the necessary facilities in the department. I
am highly thankful to Dr.A.M.Sexena professor of zoology department. Finally, I
am especially indebted to Dr. Amita Kanuajia lecturer of zoology department
who have not only blessed me but also remained a tower of strength for
inspiration and encouragement.
Reena Devi
808024
M.sc.final(zoology)
University of Lucknow
PROJECT
ON
PROTOZOA CLASSIFICATION
Levine et al (1980)
CONTENTS
Protozoa classification (Levine et al (1980) ).
 Life cycle of different protozoan parasites.

PHYLUM- PROTOZOA
GR..PROTOS=FIRST,ZOON=ANIMAL
Gereral characters1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
These are microscopic, animalcule but few are visible to the
unaided eyes.
Spherical , amoeboid ,ovoid ,spindle, cup shaped.
Body is a cellular.
Free living.
Protoplasm, differentiated into ectoplasm, endoplasm.
Nutrition may be holozoic (animal like), halophytic(plant like),
saprophytic.
Locomotion by pseudopodia(rhiopoda),flagella(mastigophora),
cilia(ciliata).
protozoans two type of nuclei(macronucleus)and
nucleus(dimorphic).
SARCOMASTIGOPHORA
LABYRINTHOMORPHA
APICOMPLEXA
MICROSPORA
ASCETOSPORA
MYXOZOA
CILIOPHORA
*
SARCOMASTIGOPHORA
SUBPHYLUM
MASTIGOPHORA
OPALINATA
SARCODINA
MASTIGOPHORA
C
L
A
S
S
PHYTOMASTIGOPHORA
O- EUGLENIDA Ex- Euglena
o- DINOFLAGELLIDA Ex- Noctiluca
ZOOMASTIGOPHORA
o-KINETOPLASTIDA Ex-Trypanosoma, Leishmania
o-DIPLOMONADIDA Ex-Giardia
o-TRICHOMONADIDA Ex- Trichomonas
OPALINATA
class-OPALINATEA
Order-OPALINIDA
e.g OPLINA
SARCODINA
SUPERCLASS –Rhizopoda
C
Lobosea
L
A
s
u
b
Gymnamoebia
o-Amoebeda Ex-Amoeba
S
S
c
l
a
s
s
Arcellinida Ex-Arcella
Granuloreticulasea
o-Foramanifrida Ex- Polystomella (Elphidium)
APICOMPLEXA
CLASS
SPOROZOEA
Gregarina
s.
O-Gregarinida Ex-Monocystis, Gregarina
C.
Coccidia
o-Eococcidida Ex- Plasmodium, Eimeria
CILIOPHORA
CLASS
KINETOFRAGMINOPHOREA
S.C.-VESTIBULIFEREA
o-TRICHOSTOMATIDA Ex-Balantidium
S.C.-SUCTORIA
o-SUCTORIDA Ex- Ephelota
POLYMENOPHORA
S.C - SPIROTRICHIA
o- HETEROTRICHIDA Ex-
Stentor , Nyctotherus
OLIGOMENOPHORA
S.C.-HYMENOSTOMATIA
O-HYMENOSTOMATIDIA EX- Paramecium
S.C PERITRICHIA
o-PERITRICHIDA
Ex- Vorticella
SARCOMASTIGOPHORA
Simple nucleus.
 Locomotion through Flagella, Pseudopodia.
 Reproduction through Syngamy

S.P-MASTIGOPHORA




Commonly called flagellate.
Locomotion through flagellum.
Body covered with pellicle.
Nutrition may be Holophytic, Saprozoic,
Holozoic.
CLASS. PHYTOMASTIPHORA
Presence of Chromatophore.
 Nutrition may be Holophytic or Mixiotrophic.
 Paramylon is reserve food.
 Reproduction take place by longitudinal binary
fission.

ORDER EUGLENIDA
Body covered with Pellicle.
 One or two flagella.
 Nutrition holophytic or saprozoic.
 Reproduction by longitudinal binary fission.
e.g. Euglena.

CLASS ZOOMASTIGOPHORA
Absence of Chromatophores.
 Two or more flagella.
 Holozoic or saprozoic nutrition.
 Reproduction through binary fission.

ORDER- KINETOPLASTIDA
Mostly parasitic.
 Nutrition holozoic or saprozoic.
 Reprodution by binary fissioin.
 Mostly pathogenic (disease causing in man
and domestic animal).
e.g. Trypanosoma.

SUBPHYLUM-OPALINATA
Body covered with cilia.
 Monomorphic nuclei are present.
 Reproduction by symmetogenic.
 Endoparasite in large intestine of frog.
e.g. Opalina.

SUB-PHYLUM SARCODINA
Locomotion and feeding by pseudopodia.
 Body is amoeboid.
 Single nucleus.
 Nutrition is holozoic, Saprozoic.
 Reproduction by binary fission.

OREDER-AMOEBIDA
Body is amoeboid.
 Naked without Skelton.
 Test or shell absent.
e.g. Amoeba.

ORDER-ARCELLINIDA
Body enclosed in one chambered shell.
 Lobose pseudopodia.
 Fresh water forms.
e.g. Arcella.

PHYLUM-APICOMPLEXA
Apical complex.
 Consisting of polar ring, rhoptries,
micronemes, conoid.
 Cilia absent.
 Reproduction by syngamy.

ORDER-GREGARINIDA
Mature trophozoites large and extra cellular.
 Reproduction by sexual with sporogony.
 Spore contains eight sporozoites.
e.g. Monocystis.

ORDER-EOCOCCIDIDA
Trophozoite is intracellular.
 Parasite of vertebrates, insect, worms.
e.g. Plasmodium, Eimeria.

ORDER-MICROSPORIDA
Spores are unicellular.
 Intra cellular in arthropods and vertebrates.
e.g. Nosema bombycis, caused Pebrine
disease in silkworm larvae.

PHYLUM-CILIOPHORA
Simple and compound cilia.
 Two types of nuclei.
 Reproduction by conjugation,Autogamy,
Cytogamy.
e.g. Paramecium,

Balantidium
LIFE CYCLES
OF
DIFFERENT PROTOZOAN
PARASITES
EUGLENA
NOCTILUCA
LEISHMANIA
GIARDIA
TRICHOMONAS
AMOEBA
POLYSTOMELLA
MONOCYSTIS
PLASMODIUM
NOSEMA
BALANTIDIUM
CLASSIFICATION (1965) BY -JOHN AND BOVEE
Phylum Protozoa
Mastigophora
Sacrodina
Opalinate
eg-opalina
Ciliata
Sporozoa
SUPER CLASS 1- MASTIGOPHORA
PHYTOMASTIGOPHOREA
1-CHRYSOMONADIDA
Eg-Chrysamaeda
2-CRYPTOMONADIDA
Eg-Cryptomonas
3-DINOFLAGELLIDA
Eg-Ceratium ,Noctiluca
4-EUGLENIDA
Eg- Euglena
5- VOLVOCIDA
Eg-Volvox Pandorina
6- CHLOROMONADIDA
Eg-Vacuolaria
ZOOMASTIGOPHOREA
1-CHAONOFLAGELLIDA
eg- Proterospongia
2-RHIZOMASTIGIDA
eg-Mastigamoeba
3-KINETOPLASTIDA
eg-Leishmania
4-DIPLOMONADIDA
eg- Giardia
5-TRICHOMONADIDA
6- HYPERMASTIGIDA
eg- Trichonympha
SUPER CLASS 3- SARCODINA
(GR..SARCOS=FLESHY, PODOS=FOOT)
classes
HYDRAULEA
1-AMOEBIDA
Eg- Amoeba,
Entamoeba
2-ARCELLINIDA
Eg-Arcella,difflugia
3-MYCETOZOIDA
Eg-Badhamia
AUTOTRACTEA
1-PROTEOMYXIDA
eg-Pseudospora
2-HELIOZODA
eg-Actinophrys
3-RADIOLARIDA
eg-Thalassicola
4-FORAMANIFERIDA
eg-Elphidium
SUPER CLASS 4- (SPOROZOA)
TELOSPOREA
1-GREGARINIDIA
Eg-Monocystis
GREGARINA
2- COCCIDIA
Eg-Eimeria
Isopora
3-HAEMOSPORIDIA
Eg-Plasmodium
CNIDOSPOREA
1-MYXOSPORIDA
eg-Myxobolus
Myxidium
2-MICROSPORIDA
eg-Nosema
ACNIDOSPOREA
1-TOXOPLASMIDA
eg-Toxoplsma
2-HAPLOSPORIDA
eg-Haplasporidium
Ictrhyosporidium
SUPERCLASS -5- (CILIATE)
HOLOTRICHEA
1-GYMNOSTOMATIDA
EgProrodon
2-TRICHOSTOMATIDA
Eg-Balantidium
3-CHONOTRICHIDA
Eg-Spirochona
4-ASTOMATIDA
Eg-Anoplophyra
5-HYMENSTOMATIDA
Eg-Paramoecium
PERITRICHEA
1-PERITRICHIDA
eg-Vorticella
SUCTOREA
1-SUCTORIDA
eg-Ephelota
Podophrya
SPIROTRICHEA
1-HETEROTRICHIDA
eg Nyctotherus
2-OLIGOTRICHIDA
eg-Strombidium
3-HYPOTRICHIDA
eg-Stylonychia
PROTOZOA(1980)
NOT
12-
SARCOMASTIGOPHORA
APICOMPLEXA
3-
MICROSPHORA
4-
ASCETOSPORA
5-
MYXOZOA
6-
CILIOPHORA (e.g-Balantidium, Nyctotherus)
CONSIDERED
PART-1- SARCOMASTIGOPHORA
MASTIGOPHORA
CLASS
OPALINATE
SARCODINA
(AMOEBAE)
ZOOMASTIGOPHORA
ORDER
KINETOPLASTIDA
S.O
RETORTAMONADIDA DIPLOMONADIDA TRICHOMONADIDA
eg- Chilomastix,
eg- Giardia
eg-Trichomonas,
Retortamonas
Dientamoeba
.
TRYPANOSOMATINA
Eg.– Trypanosoma,
Leishmania
RHIZOPODA
Eg,-Entamoeba,
Naegleria
PART – 2 -
APICOMPLEXA
class
Sporozoea
1.
2.
3
GREGARINIA
eg-Monocystis
COCCIDIA
eg -Isopora,
Toxoplasma,
Plasmodium.
PIROPLASMIA
eg -Babesia,
Theileria
REFERENCE
Levine et al (1980).
 J.D.Smith.
 K.K.Tripathi.

THANK YOU