Transcript Tomas Ulrichsen (Public and Corporate Economic Associates)

PACEC
Public and Corporate
Economic Consultants
The Role of Government Policy in Supporting
Knowledge Exchange in English Higher Education
Institutions
A presentation by Tomas Ulrichsen, PACEC
Investigating Academic Impact
London School of Economics
13th June 2011
Presentation based primarily on research led by Barry Moore (PACEC), Tomas Ulrichsen (PACEC) and Alan
Hughes (CBR) over the period 2007 – 2011
© Tomas Ulrichsen
1
PACEC
Introduction
Public and Corporate
Economic Consultants
• Introduction
• Growth in knowledge exchange activity
• Role of government policy (HEIF and its predecessors) for
developing knowledge exchange
• Impacts on external organisations, academics and
communities
• Impacts of HEIF on culture and capacity to engage
• Challenges remaining
© Tomas Ulrichsen
2
PACEC
Growth in knowledge exchange
income 2001-2010
Public and Corporate
Economic Consultants
2010
2010
CAGR Growth
income share of 01-10 09-10
(£m) total (%) (%) (£million)
Income stream
Knowledge exchange income
(£ millions, constant 2009/10 prices)
KE income
Source: HEBCI 2000/01-2009/10, PACEC analysis for BISYear
2,528
100
9.3
65
Contract research
842
33
13.1
44
Collab. research
Courses
Consultancy
Regeneration
Facilities & equip.
IP revenues
564
484
301
174
92
70
22
19
12
7
4
3
3.8
11.6
12.6
4.4
15.1
17.6
-2
10
18
33
8
-46
© Tomas Ulrichsen
3
Evolution of Government Support for
Knowledge Exchange
PACEC
Public and Corporate
Economic Consultants
Knowledge exchange funding
(£ millions, constant 2009/10 prices)
Aim of funding to correct market and system failures to support the building of capacity
and capability of HEIs to increase their economic and social impacts, and to change
culture towards knowledge exchange
Total KE funding
HEIF
Total accumulated funding 00/01 –
10/11:
£1,040 million
(£1,110 million)
(constant 2003 prices (current prices)
HEROBC
Source: HEFCE, PACEC/CBR analysis
© Tomas Ulrichsen
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PACEC
Infrastructure Supporting the
Knowledge Exchange Process
Public and Corporate
Economic Consultants
Knowledge exchange support functions and infrastructure
Facilitating the
research exploitation
process
Skills and human
capital
development
Stimulating
interactions
Exploiting the
physical assets of the
HEI
Access points for external orgs
CPD / short courses
Science parks
Business development
Lifelong learning
Provision of public
space
Technology transfer
Careers services
Consultancy support
Contracts / legal support
Patenting / IP advice
Corporate Relations
Press / communications
Investment funds
Marketing
External fundraising for
research
Source: PACEC audit of HEI KE infrastructure
Alumni networks
Work placements /
project experience
KE professional
networks
Joint curriculum
development
Staff exchanges
Social enterprise /
entrepreneurship
Academic – external
organisation networks
Social enterprise
Enterprise and
entrepreneurship training
© Tomas Ulrichsen
Incubators
Facilities / equipment
Supporting the
community / public
engagement
Outreach
Volunteering
Widening participation
Awareness raising
Involving public in research
Social cohesion /
community regeneration
5
Impacts of Knowledge Exchange on
Users
With STEM
• Support for product / process
innovation
• Skills development
PACEC
Public and Corporate
Economic Consultants
With Non-STEM
• Workforce / management skills
development
• Marketing
• Business model / strategy
External
organisations
• More informed public /
better able to solve
problems
• Improved employability,
capabilities / skills
• Contributions to social cohesion
Sources:
PACEC/CBR Survey of External Organisations (2008); PACEC/CBR Survey of Academics
(2008); PACEC Survey of staff at the University of Essex; PACEC interviews with staff at
University of York; PACEC/CBR Case Studies of 30 HEIs (2008)
• Insights, funding,
contacts for research
• Case studies / practical
knowledge for teaching
• University outreach
© Tomas Ulrichsen
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Impacts of Government Policy on
Knowledge Exchange
…On KE
outputs
…On
culture /
attitudes
PACEC
Public and Corporate
Economic Consultants
• Extensive triangulated research programme showed
that government support has played significant role in
helping HEIs build capacity / capability to engage significant gross additionality
 Scale of KE greater than would otherwise be
 Critical for developing KE infrastructure
 Leverage other funding
 Backed up strategic KE campaigns with resources
• HEIF funding has helped drive increasing support for
knowledge exchange at leadership level and amongst
academics
• But culture/attitudes not yet fully supportive
• Strong view that KE cannot come at expense of
academic freedom /research quality
Source: PACEC/CBR (2009) Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Role of HEFCE Third
Stream Funding, report 2009/15 to HEFCE
© Tomas Ulrichsen
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PACEC
Can HEIs Do More?
Public and Corporate
Economic Consultants
STEM
Social
sciences
Humanities
I do not feel knowledgeable about
the issues involved but would be
interested in the commercial
application of my research
33
32
34
I feel knowledgeable about the
issues involved in getting research
commercialised
37
18
16
I am not really interested in the
commercial application of my
research
15
28
29
I would not want to be directly
involved in the commercial
application of my research
14
19
12
Source: PACEC/CBR Survey of Academics (2008)
% academic respondents
© Tomas Ulrichsen
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PACEC
What Constrains Impacts?
Public and Corporate
Economic Consultants
Higher Education
Institution
Private / public / third
sector organisation
 Lack of time
 Bureaucracy and inflexibility of
HEI administration
 Difficulties in identifying partners
 Insufficient rewards and lack of
awareness of the benefits from
the interactions
 Lack of understanding by
academics of the process
 Capacity and capability of the KE
system still developing / evolving
 Lack of resources within external
organisations to fund the KE
engagement
 Insufficient benefits from the
interaction
 Lack of interest by external
organisations and lack of demand
for KE
 Intellectual property agreements
as a barrier to some, albeit
minority of, KE engagement
Source: PACEC/CBR Survey of Academics (2008); PACEC/CBR Survey of Enterprise
© Tomas
Offices (2010); CBR Survey of Enterprises (2008)
Ulrichsen
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PACEC
Conclusions
Public and Corporate
Economic Consultants
• Last decade has seen significant increases in KE activity
• Enabled, in part, by targeted, flexible government funding for KE enabling
culture change / developing capacity to engage (infrastructure, skills etc.)
• But still constraints that need to be addressed
• Diverse range of external impacts that vary by STEM / social scientists
• Synergistic impacts on research/teaching
• HEIF funding has been protected (in cash terms) emphasizing government’s
commitment to KE
• But emphasis shifted to rewarding better performers (based on KE income)
rather general capacity building - some losing part / all of funding
• Big questions: what will HEIs who lost some/all funding do now? And what
impact will this have on academics seeking to achieve impact of their
research/teaching through KE?
© Tomas Ulrichsen
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