Transcript Water Pollution Presentation.pptx

DECENTRALIZED WATER
PURIFICATION SYSTEMS FOR
USE IN DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES
Air and Water Pollution Prevention and
Control Engineering – AWPPCE
Miguel A. Camelo Rosas
Introduction
• According to the World Health Organization (WHO), most of the
world does not have access to microbiologically safe drinking
water.
• Approximately 80% of communicable diseases in the world are
water-borne.
• The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) set a target to
halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to
safe drinking water by 2015 compared to 1990.
• Progress was made, going from 71% in 1990 to 80% in 2004,
but there is still a long way to reach the goal.
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Decentralized Water Purification Options
• Boiling
• Thermal treatment with solar radiation
• Solar treatment with by UV with thermal effects
• UV disinfection using lamps
• Fiber, fabric, and membrane filters
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Decentralized Water Purification Options (cont.)
• Porous ceramic filters
• Aluminum and iron coagulation and sedimentation
• Charcoal and activated carbon adsorption
• Ion exchange disinfection
• Chlorine treatment
• Combined treatment systems
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Comparison
The table above summarizes the various household technologies for
water purification based on their practicality, availability, and
effectiveness in improving the microbial quality of the water, cost, and
limitations.
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Conclusions
• There are a lot of developing countries that have limited access to
potable drinking water.
• One way to attack this problem is with a decentralized approach,
relying on household, or small community solutions like the ones
explained here.
• Each of these technologies has limitations and effectiveness can be
increased by the use of two or more systems in succession for
improved treatment and the creation of multiple barriers.
• Treatments that provide no residual disinfectant, like boiling, or solar
treatment, could be followed by chlorination to provide a multiple
barrier approach.
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