Transcript biology chemistry Stage D PM

biology
chemistry
Stage D50 %
PM suspensions
13 ≈ 10.5 µm
12 ≈ 6.7 µm
11 ≈ 4 µm
PM 2.5-10
10 ≈ 2.5 µm
Each filter was analysed for:
Gravimetry
Ions (NO3-, SO42-, Cl-,
NH4+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, Ca2+)
Carbon (EC, OC, WSOC)
9 ≈ 1.65 µm
8 ≈ 1 µm
PM 1-2.5
7 ≈ 0.65 µm
6 ≈ 0.4 µm
5 ≈ 0.25 µm
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PM 0.17-1
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4 ≈ 0.17 µm
3 ≈ 0.1 µm
2 ≈ 0.06 µm
PM 0.03-0.17
1 ≈ 0.03 µm
Step A:
Chemical
analysis
Dekati
13-stage
low pressure
impactor
supernatants :
GM-CSF cytokine
assay
24 hrs exposure of cells to
each PM size range
suspensions.
Step B
TEM
cells :
PI nucleus
staining
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
PM
collection
(22 to 98 hrs)
PM
recovering
Sonication of filters in
600µL culture medium
Cell
exposure
at isomass or
isovolume
Biological
endpoints