Transcript Binomial Nomenclature.ppt

Unit 5.2 (Taxonomy)
• Today’s Learning Target: I can identify how
different organisms are named and classified.
1) Choose 4 terms (none that are the same color)
– complete the frayer model for each of the 4
terms (paper provided)
2) On the back: Define all of the other 20 terms.
3) Relate the 4 terms in writing (complete
sentences)
4) What you do not finish in class is homework. 
Unit 5.2 Vocabulary
Animalia
Archaea
Archaebacteria
Bacteria
Binomial Nomenclature
Carl Linnaeus
Cladogram
Class
Classification
Domain
Eubacteria
Eukarya
Family
Fungi
Genus
Kingdom
Multicellular
Order
Phylum
Plantae
Protista
Species
Taxonomy
Unicellular
Learning Target: I can categorize organisms using a hierarchical classification
system based on similarities and differences shared among groups.
Whale
Lion
Bat
Whale
Spider
Bird
Lobster
Butterfly
Fish
WARM UP: ANSEWR THESE IN YOUR JOURNAL –
All of these organisms are animals and belong in Kingdom Animalia
1. If you had to classify these organisms into two groups, what would
your categories be and which animals would be in which category?
2. If you had to classify these organisms into three groups, what would
your categories be and which animals would be in each category?
• Taxonomy is the study of how living things are
classified into groups.
• The groups that organisms are classified into are
called taxa. (Taxon if singular)
Organisms are
classified based
on:
physical similarities
genetic similarities
8 Classification Groups “Taxa”
Domain-
Most broad, only three domains: Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
Example: Humans at this level are grouped with all other organisms made of
eukaryotic cells– (Algae, Fungus, Plants, and Animals)
Kingdom-
Slightly more specific, based on cell type, method of obtaining energy, and #
of cells, and complexity: Example: Humans at this level are grouped with all
other animals- (Sponge, Insects, Birds, Mammals)
Phylum-
Based on even more specific characteristics.
Example: Humans are grouped with other animals that have backbones at this level.
Class -
Based on even more specific characteristics.
Example: Humans are grouped with other animals with backbones that feed milk to
their young.
Order -
Based on even more specific characteristics.
Example: Humans are grouped with other animals
with backbones that feed milk to their young and
have opposable thumbs.
Family -
Based on even more specific characteristics.
Example: Humans are grouped with other great
apes that have opposable thumbs and have very
close DNA strand sequence.
Genus -
2nd most specific
Example: Humans at this level are grouped with other humanlike ancestors based on the use of language and tool use.
Species -
Exact organism
Example: “Modern” humans with our brain size, learning capacity, and longevity.
The 8 Classification Groups
“Taxa” for all living things are:
Domain
Dear
Kingdom
King
Phylum
Phillip
Class
Cried
Order
Out
Family
For
Genus
Good
Species
Soup
How Humans Are Classified
Broad
Specific
Domain
Eukarya
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum (Division for plants)
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Order
Primata
Family
Hominidae
Genus
Homo
Species
sapiens
Carolus Linnaeus
(1707-1778), a
Swedish botanist
“binomial nomenclature”
Was created by Linnaeus.
It is a two-word naming
system for living things.
SCIENTIFIC NAMING!
• The “Binomial nomenclature” or scientific name
for each species, is a combination of the
genus name and species name.
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Homo = Genus,
Homo sapiens
sapiens = species
Naming Organisms
What is the name
of this organism?
Why don’t scientists use common names?
Confusing – there can be more than one common
name per species.
Misleading – Example: starfish is not a fish
WHY USE A
SCIENTIFIC
NAME?
Universal
There is only one
scientific name for
each species
Felis concolor
The common name of many animals can be misleading.
Ceylon frogmouth
(Batrachostomus moniliger)
is a bird….
Killer whales
(Orcinus orca )are the
largest member of
the dolphin family.
Flying fish
(Parezocoetus mesogaster)
do not fly, but glide.
Seahorse
(Hippocampus zosterae) is
not a horse, but a
fish.
MORE THAN ONE COMMON NAME…
United States and England- Sparrow
Spain – Gorrion domestico
Holland – Huismus
Scientific name: Passer domesticus
What language is used for the scientific naming?
LATIN
What is the correct
way to write the
scientific name?
* Always capitalize the Genus and not the species.
•If handwriting, underline the name: Felis concolor
•If typing, put the name in italics: Felis concolor
•You can also abbreviate the Genus: F. concolor
Recognizing Relationships
Tell me something about each of these
organisms.
Carnegiea gigantea
Nymphaea odorata
Canis familiaris
Peromyscus californicus
Viola tricolor
Recognizing Relationships
Tell me something about each of these
organisms.
Carnegiea gigantea
giant saguaro cactus
Nymphaea odorata
fragrant water lily
Canis familiaris
domestic dog
Peromyscus californicus common California mouse
Viola tricolor
three color pansy
Question 1
According to the table, at what level does the
domestic cat diverge from the ferret?
Classification of Representative Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Mammalia
Mammalia
Order
Cetacea
Carnivora
Carnivora
Family
Mysticeti
Mustelidae
Felidae
Genus
Balenopora
Mustela
Felis
Species
B. physalus
M. furo
F. catus
Common Name
Blue Whale
Ferret
Domestic Cat
The domestic cat belongs to the family
Felidae and the ferret belongs to the
family Mustelidae.
Classification of Representative Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Mammalia
Mammalia
Order
Cetacea
Carnivora
Carnivora
Family
Mysticeti
Mustelidae
Felidae
Genus
Balenopora
Mustela
Felis
Species
B. physalus
M. furo
F. catus
Common Name
Blue Whale
Ferret
Domestic Cat
Question 2
How many levels of classification do all three
animals share?
Classification of Representative Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Mammalia
Mammalia
Order
Cetacea
Carnivora
Carnivora
Family
Mysticeti
Mustelidae
Felidae
Genus
Balenopora
Mustela
Felis
Species
B. physalus
M. furo
F. catus
Common Name
Blue Whale
Ferret
Domestic Cat
Question 2
How many levels of classification do all three
animals share?
Classification of Representative Mammals
Kingdom
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Mammalia
Mammalia
Order
Cetacea
Carnivora
Carnivora
Family
Mysticeti
Mustelidae
Felidae
Genus
Balenopora
Mustela
Felis
Species
B. physalus
M. furo
F. catus
Common Name
Blue Whale
Ferret
Domestic Cat
All three animals belong to the same
kingdom, phylum, and class.
PROJECT
• NEW BEAST 
– You will choose 3 ancestors and create a new
beast that diverged from the descent of these
3 organisms.
– You will research the 3 ancestors and create
a new beast based off of the characteristics of
the ancestors.
– Follow the guidelines (given to you and on
moodle)
– You will “present” your beast next FRIDAY –
We will be having a BEAST PARTY…more on
that later. 
How are your ancestors and
new beast related?
Species B Species C
Species A
EXAMPLE
New Beast