Transcript Welcome to Systematic Botany!

Welcome to
Biol 120
Local Flora!
Syllabus info:
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Instructor: Dr. Vic
Landrum
Research area: Succulent
plant evolution, systematics,
and anatomy.
Office Hrs.: before, after
class
Email:
[email protected]
Textbooks:
Wildflowers of the Pacific
Northwest, about $19
Trees and Shrubs of
Washington State, about
$13
Systematic Botany (free
textbook!)
The course basics:
• This course is mostly a field
course, with some lab
work/preparation of plant
specimens for your
collections.
• The principles and methods
you'll learn in this course
apply to any biological
group, not just plants.
• I always hope that a field
course like this will spark a
lasting curiosity about our
natural world in you.
• Enter this course with an
open mind and you'll do well.
Course objectives:
By the end of the course, the
student will:
• Be able to identify the
major component plants of
our area and the Pacific
Northwest in general;
• Be exposed to
contemporary approaches
to figuring out how
organisms are related;
• Recognize the major
ecological biomes present
in the Pacific Northwest .
Grading:
There are no formal written
exams. Your grade for this
course consists of:
1. plant collection project
(800 points [100 plants X 8
points each])
2. field notebook notes (100
points)
3. quizzes (5 quizzes X 20
points = 100 points)
Important dates:
• July 2nd—1st class
• July 30th—first 50 plants
due!
• August 20th—last class
(last 50 plants due!)
Useful links:
• http://www.burkemuseum.org/herbarium
University of Washington herbarium
• http://pnwplants.wsu.edu/ WSU-connected
plant identification website
• http://www.ecy.wa.gov/PROGRAMS/wq/pl
ants/plantid2/index.html aquatic plant
manual
• http://www.pnwflowers.com/ One your
books’ website
How do we classify life?
•Kingdom—largest; has most organisms
•Phylum
•Class
•Order
•Family
•Genus
•Specific epithet (‘species’)—smallest;has
fewest organisms
Example of classification:
•Kingdom: Animalia Dogs
•Phylum: Chordata
•Class: Mammalia
•Order: Carnivora
•Family: Canidae
•Genus: Canis (Latin
for dog)
•Specific epithet :
familiaris (Latin for
familiar or
domesticated)
Example of classification: Cats
•Kingdom: Animalia
•Phylum: Chordata
•Class: Mammalia
•Order: Carnivora
•Family: Felidae
•Genus: Felis (Latin for cat)
•Specific epithet : domesticus
(Latin for domesticated)
Classification of humans:
•Kingdom: Animalia
•Phylum: Chordata
•Class: Mammalia
•Order: Primates
•Family: Hominidae
•Genus: Homo
•Specific epithet:
sapiens
Rules for scientific names
•1. Genus name always capitalized
•2. Species name always lowercase
•3. Both names underlined or italicized:
white rose: Rosa alba
chimpanzee: Pan troglodytes
humans: Homo sapiens
So what is a scientific name?
• The genus + specific epithet is usually
called the scientific name
• Scientific name is also called species
name
Scientific names
• Scientific names are usually abbreviated
to the genus and specific epithets
• Uses the two-name system (genus +
specific epithets) reintroduced by
Linnaeus (father of taxonomy [naming])
How do we show evolutionary
relationships?
• by using phylogenetic (evolutionary)
trees
• These trees start with a common ancestor
and show evolutionary shifts into different
groups
• Can apply to any type of organism
Human inheritance tree:
Plant evolutionary tree:
Last common ancestor
Eudicots (175,000)
Monocots (70,000)
Chloranthaceae (70)
Ceratophyllaceae (6)
Flowering Plants
Magnoliids (9,000)
150my
Austrobaileyales (100)
Nymphaceae (70)
Seed Plants
Amborellaceae (1)
300my
Pinaceae (220)
Gnetales (80)
Other conifers (400)
Gymnosperms
Ginkgo (1)
350my
Cycads (130)
Leptosporangiate ferns (11,000)
Horsetails (15)
Marattioid ferns (240)
380my
Ferns
Ophioglossoid ferns (110)
Whisk ferns (15)
475my
Lycophytes (1,200)
Lower Vascular Plants
Mosses (15,000)
Liverworts (9,000)
Hornworts (100)
Bryophytes
Mosses
Hornworts
Vascular Plants
400my
425my
Liverworts
475my
Green Algae
1. 2n dominance
2. Evolution of
vascular tissues
Evolution of
Stomata