Transcript 微课件

中考语法聚焦系列微课二十六
虚 拟 语 气﹠主 谓 一 致
江西省遂川县教研室
刘崇江
虚拟语气知识清单
语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对发生
的动作或所处的状态持有的态度或看法。
英语中有三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气
和虚拟语气，陈述语气是陈述事实；祈使
语气提出请求；虚拟语气是一种特殊的动
词形式，表示说话人的主观愿望和假想虚
拟的情况，它一般用于非真实条件句中。
虚拟语气考点◎主句和从句的谓语
动词形式
① If you __B__an English teacher, how ____ you
teach your students English. (2013四川内江)
A. were; will
B. were; would
C. are; did
D.
are; would
② ----Come and join us, Ben!
----I’m afraid I can’t. I’m too busy now. If I__A__
time, I would certainly go. (2013广东湛江)
A. had
B. will have
C. have had
D.
have
主谓一致知识清单
英语句子的谓语在人称和数方面必须与主语
保持一致，这就是主谓一致性。中考单项
选择常常依据主谓一致的原则，让考生选
择谓语动词的人称和数，有时也逆向地给
出谓语动词的人称和数，而空出主语，要
求我们根据谓语的情况确定句子的主语，
使其与谓语一致。
考点一◎谓语动词必须用单数的情
况
1. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数；但如果
and 连接的两个主语在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时，
谓语动词要用单数形式。
③---Jenny and Jane’s ____D___ coming to my office. Can you help to
find the girls?
----No problem. They will be here ________.
(2012湖北黄冈)
A. mothers are; in a moment
B. mother is; at the moment
C. mothers are; right away
D. mother is; in a moment
2. 当each… and each …, every… and every…, no… and no … 等结构
作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
④ No man and no animal ____C___ on the moon.
A. found
B. will find
C. is found
D. finds
3. 单个动词不定式、动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
⑤ Doing exercise ___C___good for your health.
(2013贵州安顺)
A. be
B. am
C. is
D. are
考点一◎谓语动词必须用单数的情
况
4. each, either, neither 接of 短语时，of 后面的名词用复数，该短语作主语时，
谓语动词用单数。
⑥ Neither of the books ____A____interesting. I won’t buy _______of them.
(2013黑龙江齐齐哈尔)
A. is; either
B. are; neither
C. is; any
5. 有些名词news, maths, physics, politics 等词貌似复数，实为单数，其谓语动
词用单数。
⑦ ----Maths ____A ___my favorite subject, what about you?
(2013四川广
安)
-----Physics ________. I think it’s interesting.
A. is; is
B. are; are
C. are; is
6. 由some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词做主语时，谓语动词都用单数。
⑧ The boy is ___B___ clever that everybody _______ him.
(2012湖北恩
施)
A. such; likes
B. so; likes
C. so; like
考点一◎谓语动词必须用单数的情
况
7. 表时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的名词作
主语时，把它当作整体，谓语动词通常用
单数。
⑨ Alice has been away from home for three
years. I miss her very much. You know,
three years ____B___ a short time.
A. is B. isn’t
C. aren’t
D.are
考点二◎谓语动词必须用复数的情
况
1. both, a few, many, several, people等作主语或由both… and…连接两
个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。
⑩ ----Both Li Lei and Han Meimei ___D____fond of the TV program A
Bite of China.
-----I am also deeply moved by its stories!
(2012广东)
A. is
B. am
C. was
D. are
2. 两个不同形式的形容词修饰一个单数名词表示两个不同的概念时，谓
语动词用复数形式。
American and British English ____A____ by lots of people in the world.
A. are used
B. is used
C. uses
D. use
4. “the +形容词” (如the poor, the young, the dead, the sick)作主语，谓
语动词往往用复数。
The sick ____D____ well taken care of here during the last war.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
考点三◎谓语动词可以用单数也可
以用复数的情况
1. 有些名词如family, police, class, team, group等看作整体时，谓语动词
用单数；看作每一个成员时，谓语动词用复数。
Her family ___A____watching football match. And her family
_______next month.
A. enjoys; is moving
B. enjoys; are moving
C. enjoy; is moving
D. enjoy; are moving
2. 有些名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, pants, scissors 等
做主语时，谓语动词用复数。但前面用了a pair of等，则谓语动词的
单复数形式往往取决于pair的单复数形式。
----Where ____A___ my shoes?
-----Look, they _______under the bed.
A. are, are
B. is, is
C. are, is
D. is, are
考点三◎谓语动词可以用单数也可
以用复数的情况
3. 由what, who, some, all, any 等代词作主语或其后引出of短语作主语时，谓语
动词用单数或复数形式， 要由其指代的内容来定，如果其所指内容为复数意
义时，谓语动词用复数形式，如果其所指代内容为单数意义时，谓语动词则
用单数形式。
What Amy did yesterday ___A___ known. Can you tell me?
A. isn’t
B. aren’t
C. weren’t
D. hasn’t
4. a number of 后面加复数名词或代词，其动词用复数形式：但the number of后
面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用单数。
A number of tourists ____A___Yangzhou many times because it is such a
beautiful city.
(2013江苏扬州)
A. have been to
B. has been to
C. has gone to
D. have gone to
Now the number of Chinese people working in Africa ____A____ more than
one million.
(2013江苏盐城)
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
考点三◎谓语动词可以用单数也可
以用复数的情况
5. “分数（百分数）+of+名词”做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后
面的名词的数。但要注意population一词，用作整体时，谓语动词用
单数，用其部分做主语时，谓语动词形式用复数。
---How many teachers are there in your school?
----About 300. And one third of them ____B___women teachers.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
6. 主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有but, except, besides, with, like等引导的
介词短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
Everyone except Tom and John ____D____there when the meeting
began.
(2013山东威海)
A. are
B. is
C. were
D. was
考点四◎就近原则
1. 由连词not… but…, or, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only… but also…等
连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原
则，与最靠近它的主语一致。
Not only my friends but also I ____B___ interested in football and Messi is our
favorite star.
(2013广东)
A. be
B. am
C. is
D. are
Neither my sister nor I ____A____been to America before.
(2013贵州安顺)
A. have ever
B. have never
C. has ever
D. has never
2. There be 句型、以here 开头的句子，谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。
In our school library there ____A___ a number of books on science, and in
these years the number of them ________growing larger and larger.
(2013贵州安顺)
A. are, is
B. is, are
C. have, are
D. has, is
There ____B___a dictionary and two pens on the desk.
(2013黑龙江齐齐
哈尔)
A. am
B. is
C. are
考点专练
( B )1. ----What would you do if you ______your job?
----I’d find another one.
A. will lose
B. lost
C. lose
D. would lose
( A )2. ----Sam doesn’t take the exam.
----Oh, if he _______the exam, he would fail it. He has missed lots of lessons.
A. took
B. takes
C. would take
D. will take
( D )3. If we _______finish our homework on time, our teacher would be very
unhappy.
A. don’t
B. can’t
C. have to
D. didn’t
( C )4. ----Why not invite Bill to the party?
----If I invited Lucy to the party, I _______ invite Lily, too. But I don’t like Lily at
all.
A. will have to
B. will must
C. would have to
D. would
( C )5. If I found her book, I ______give it back to her.
A. will
B. can
C. would
D. shall
考点专练
( C )6. ----I failed again. And I want to give up.
-----If I ______ you, I would try a third time.
A. am
B. was
C. were
D. will be
( B )7. ----How much _______the shoes?
-----Twenty yuan _______enough, I think.
A. is; is B. are; is
C. is; are
D. are; are
( D )8. ----Which subject do you think is the most difficult, Jack?
----Physics ______, I think.
A. does
B. do
C. are
D. is
( C )9. ----What ______the number of the students in your class?
-----About 40. And a number of them _______from the countryside.
A. is; is
B. are; are
C. is; are
D. are; is
( A )10. ----What’s in the bowl?
-----There _______a knife and three erasers in it.
A. seems to be B. are
C. seem to be
D. were
考点专练
( D )11. ----Alice, why are you in deep thought?
-----Because what you said ______me ______ my hometown.
A. make; to think of
B. makes; to think of
C. make; think of
D. makes; think of
( C )12. ----Which do you think is more interesting, climbing hills or having lessons?
----I think climbing hills _______much more interesting than having lessons.
A. has
B. have
C. is
D. are
( D )13. ----Do you have to clean the hallway, Jim?
-----Yes, I do. And not only I but also Susan _______to clean the hallway.
A. want
B. have
C. had
D. has
( C )14. ----What did you do to help these people after the war was over?
-----A lot of food _______to them.
A. has sent
B. are sent
C. was sent
D. sent
( A )15. -----Which woman is a famous actress?
----The one behind the girls _______.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
谢谢观看！
再见