Transcript Poster Energy1.ppt

TECHNOLOGY MILESTONES FROM THE CHEMIST’S VIEW
I. ENERGY AND TRANSPORTATION
Chemists and chemical engineers have made many contributions to energy and
transportation which allow us to power our lives on land , through air and in space.
In the 19th century people heated their homes with wood or coal, used kerosene lanterns or
candles for illumination, and traveled by railroad, steamboat, horse or on foot.
As demand for energy has increased over the last two centuries, chemistry has developed
and improved power sources such as liquid fuel, batteries, and many novel energy-conversion
technologies.
Advances in chemistry have also fueled the transportation revolution, contributing new and
improved materials to automobiles, airplanes, space vehicles, and roadways. By extracting
metals, minerals, and motor fuels from natural resources and by creating entirely new
materials, chemistry has revolutionized our way of life.
I.1. Energy Sources
Utilization of coal as an energy source
Petroleum exploration and production
Nuclear energy
Alternative sources
I.2. Electrical Energy Storage and Portable Power Sources
Single-use batteries
Rechargeable batteries
I.3. Materials for Roadways and Bridges
Concrete
Asphalt
Metals and alloys
Maintenance and repair technology
I.4. Petrochemical Fuels
Production of gasoline from crude oil
Fuel additives
Catalytic converters
I.5. Automotive Vehicles
Advanced materials for comfort and safety
Plastic components
Tire technology
I.6. Aeronautics
Hot-air balloons
Helium
Rocket fuel
Construction materials for aircrafts and rockets
I. ENERGY AND TRANSPORTATION
Chronology
1882 First coal-fired electric generating
station supplies household electricity.
1884 The German Gottlieb Daimler builds the
first gasoline-fueled, spark-ignited, pistonengine car.
Coal-fired electric
generating station
Daimler automotive
on stamp
1902 Asphalt pavement for roads is made
from processing crude oil.
1913 Thermal cracking (breaking of longchained molecules by heat) of hydrocarbons
increases gasoline production from
petroleum.
Building road with
asphalt pavement
Thomas Midgley Jr.
1921 Thomas Midgley, Jr. uses tetraethyl
lead as an antiknock additive in gasoline.
1936 The French Eugene Houdry develops
the catalytic cracking of petroleum to produce
high-octane gasoline.
Eugene Houdry with the
model of the catalytic
converter
1947 The American B. F. Goodrich firm
introduces the first tubeless tires.
Former poster of the
Goodrich tubeless tire
1949 Eveready Battery Co. miniaturizes the
alkaline battery.
1954 First silicon-based solar battery is
developed at Bell Labs.
The first silicon-based
solar battery
1958 Boeing 707 jet airliners debut and begin
to transform air transport.
1970s Unleaded fuels introduced; the phaseout of lead in gas begins.
Boeing 707
Principle of operation
of catalytic converters
1975 Catalytic converters are introduced in
many automobiles.
1980-1990s Lithium-ion batteries are popular
for cellular phones and laptop computers.
1981 The Columbia Space Shuttle becomes
the world’s first reusable spacecraft.
Principle of operation of
the lithium-ion battery
Space shuttles