Transcript apush the age of jefferson2

The Age of Jefferson
Election of 1800 (1 of 3)
• Role of mudslinging
– National Gazette (Freneau) v. Gazette of the United States
(Fenno)
– “Down with the tories, down with the British faction!”
– Sally Hemings rumors
– Attack Ads (Reading #1)
Reading #1
If Jefferson wins the election…
“The Bible would be cast into a
bonfire, our holy worship changed
into a dance of Jacobin phrensy, our
wives and daughters dishonored, and
our sons converted to the disciples of
Voltaire and the dragoons of Marat.”
*See image on next slide*
“At the present solomn and momentous epoch, the
only question to be asked by every American, laying
his hand upon his heart is, “Shall I continue in
allegiance to
GOD—AND A RELIGIOUS PRESIDENT;
Or impiously declare for JEFFERSON—AND NO
GOD???”
Election of 1800 (2 of 3)
• Adams’s unpopularity
– Alien and Sedition Acts
• “the most abominable and degrading Executive act that
could fall from the lips of the first magistrate of an
independent people.”
– Depicted as a miniature King George III
• “The reign of Mr. Adams has been one continued tempest of
malignant passions. Indeed, the president has never opened
his lips, or lifted his pen without threatening and scolding;
the grand object of his administration has been to
exasperate the rage of contending parties to culminate and
destroy every man who differs from his opinions.”
Election of 1800 (3 of 3)
• Hamilton’s Arrogance
• Aaron Burr carries New York
• 3/5 Compromise help
• The tie
• Hamilton breaks the tie, favors Jefferson
The “Revolution” of 1800
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Coined by Jefferson
Overthrow of a tyrannical party
Peaceful transfer of power (Reading #2)
New ideals
– Jefferson’s red hair, no wig
– Walked to his inauguration
– Toleration (Readings #3 & #4)
– Few personal appearances to Congress…
Reading #2
“I have this morning witnessed on of the
most interesting scenes a free people
can ever witness. The changes of
administration, which in every
government and in every age have most
generally been epochs of confusion,
villainy and bloodshed, in this our happy
country take place without any species
of distraction or disorder.”
Reading #3
“The will of the majority is in all cases
to prevail. [But] that will to be rightful
must be reasonable; the minority
possess their equal rights, which equal
law must protect, and to violate would
be oppression. . . . We are all
Republicans, we are all Federalists.”
Reading #4
“If there be any among us who would
wish to dissolve this Union or to change
its republican form, let them stand
undisturbed as monuments of the safety
with which error of opinion may be
tolerated where reason is left free to
combat it.”
Assessing Jefferson’s Presidency
(1 of 5)
• Moderate, not radical
– Federalists kept many posts
– No attack on the Bank
– No repeal of the tariff
– No aid to France
– Louisiana Purchase
Assessing Jefferson’s Presidency
(2 of 5)
• The role of dinner parties
– Violin
– Wine
– Food
– Charm
Assessing Jefferson’s Presidency
(3 of 5)
• Ended excise taxes
– $1,000,000 decline in revenue, but…
– Albert Gallatin
– Laissez-faire
Assessing Jefferson’s Presidency
(4 of 5)
• Barbary Coast Pirates
– Tribute and ransoms to Algiers and Tripoli
– “Shores of Tripoli”
Assessing Jefferson’s Presidency
(5 of 5)
“The most extraordinary
collection of talent, of human
knowledge, that has ever been
gathered together at the White
House, with the possible
exception of when Thomas
Jefferson dined alone.”
Conflicts with the Judicial Branch
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Last vestige of the Federalists
“Midnight Judges”
“Few die, none resign.”
John Marshall, 35 years…
Marbury v. Madison
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Judiciary Act of 1789
Issue of Separation of Powers
Birth of Judicial Review
Reading #5
Reading #5
[A] legislative act contrary to the
constitution is not law; [otherwise]
written constitutions are absurd…
It is emphatically the province and
duty of the Judicial department to
say what the law is. . . .
Louisiana
• France gets it back from Spain!
• “The day that France takes possession of New Orleans, we must marry
ourselves to the British fleet and nation.”
– Thomas Jefferson (how awkward!)
• French loss of Haiti=decreased value for Louisiana
• French with Britain
• $15 million bargain
• A step closer to an “empire of liberty”
• But, the Constitution… But time is ticking… (Reading #6)
But first a pic…
Reading #6
“It is the case of a guardian, investing
the money of his ward in purchasing an
important adjacent territory; and saying
to him when of age, I did this for your
good; I pretend to no right to bind you;
you may disavow me, and I must get out
of the scrape as I can; I thought it my
duty to risk myself for you.”
Aaron Burr Loses It
• Switches to Federalist Party; plots New England
and New York secession
• Duel with Hamilton
• Louisiana conspiracy; trial for treason
• Moves to France, wants Napoleon to invade
America
Neutrality Challenged
• Old issue
• France and Britain at war
– Britain closes French ports to foreign trade
– France does the same
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American neutrality challenged
Shipping harassed
1808-1811: 6,000 citizens “impressed” by British
Chesapeake-Leopard Affair
Trade Restrictions
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Embargo Act, 1807
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Article I, Section 8, Clause 3
Shuts down exports
“Peaceful coercion”
Commerce destroyed
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Ports empty
Crops and goods stockpile, glut market
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Federalists urge nullification; New England mulls secession
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See reading #7 (next page)
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Non-Intercourse Act: resumes trade with all but Britain and France, but…
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Turns out it all hurt us more than it hurt them
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Unexpected benefit?—Encouraged domestic manufacturing in New England
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Macon’s Bill No.2: a carrot and a stick? Will end neutrality…
Reading #7
“Let every man who holds the name of
America dear to him, stretch forth his
hands and put this accursed thing, this
Embargo from him. Be resolute, act like
sons of liberty, of God, and your
country; nerve your arm with vengeance
against the Despot who would wrest the
inestimable germ of your Independence
from you—and you shall be
Conquerors!!!”
Reading #8
“The injuries received from France do
not lessen the enormity of those heaped
upon us by England. . . . In this ‘straight
betwixt two’ we had an unquestionable
right to select our enemy. We have
given the preference to Great Britain . . .
On account of her more flagrant
wrongs.”
American Indian Problems
• War hawks want to clear the West
• Tecumseh and Tenskwatawa (“The Prophet)
• Battle of Tippecanoe
– Harrison v. Tenskwatawa
• Tecumseh dies fighting for British in 1813
– Battle of the Thames
– Proof that the British were backing the Indians all along?
Reading #8A
“Sell a country? Why not sell
the air, the clouds, and the
great sea, as well as the
earth? Did not the Great
Spirit make them all for the
use of his children?”
Reading #8B
“[He was] one of those uncommon
geniuses who spring up occasionally to
produce revolutions and overturn the
established order of things. If it were not
for the vicinity of the United States, he
would perhaps be founder of an Empire
that would rival in glory that of Mexico
or Peru.”
War of 1812
• British seen as the aggressors
– actions at sea
– arming Indians
– Republican bias toward French
• Possibility of gaining Canada
– also seen as the base of our Indian problems
• Federalists oppose the war, almost treasonous
Reading #9
“I prefer the troubled sea of
war, demanded by the honor and
independence of this country,
with all tis calamities and
desolation, to the tranquil and
putrescent pool of ignominious
peace.”
President John F. Kennedy called a
meeting of Nobel Prize winners
“The most extraordinary collection of
talent, of human knowledge, that has
ever been gathered at the White House,
with the possible exception of when
Thomas Jefferson dined alone.”