Transcript Les rôles des cultures locaux et des plantes indigènes

Les rôles des cultures locaux et des plantes indigènes
pour améliorer la nutrition,
renforcer la gestion des ressources naturelles
et combattre le VIH/SIDA
Josep A. Garí
Organisation des Nations Unies
pour l’Alimentation e l’Agriculture
(FAO)
Cours à distance (vidéoconférence) organisée par la Banque Mondiale
-- Présentation bilingue anglais/français -17 janvier 2006
Plantes et santé humaine
cultures et plantes
alimentaires
NUTRITION
SANTE
plantes médicinales
Selected traditional, neglected and under-utilised crops
of Sub-Saharan Africa
Common names
Scientific name
African Cucurbitaceae crops (*)
African rice
Amaranth
Bambara nut
Cassava
Cowpea
Finger millet
Fonio
Groundnut
Jute
Pearl millet
Roselle
Sorghum
Sweet potato
Tef
Velvet bean / Mucuna
Yams
Cucurbita spp., Cucumis spp., et al.
Oryza glaberrima
Amaranthus spp.
Vigna subterranea
Manihot esculenta
Vigna unguiculata
Eleusine coracana
Digitaria exilis & Digitaria iburua
Arachis hypogaea
Corchorus spp.
Pennisetum glaucum
Hibiscus sabdariffa
Sorghum bicolor
Ipomoea batatas
Eragrostis tef
Mucuna spp.
Dioscorea spp.
(*) e.g. cucumber, gourds, melon, pumpkin, squash.
Agricultural diversification
provides benefits such as:
- optimal use of scarce water resources
- soil fertility management
- pest and weed control
- labour saving
- insurance
- diversification of diets and nutrition
- optimal use of scarce land resources
Selected home garden crops among farmers of Soroti district, Uganda
Local names
English name
Scientific name
Edible part
Akolel, okueker
Atungulu
Avokado
Cabbage
Eboga, dodo
Eboo, boyo
Ebrinyanya, berejanya
Ecadoi, akeu
Eimulalu, amulalu
Emalakany, malakuany
Emiebe, emiyembe
Enyanya
Esuyo, suyu
Etigo
Lavaro
Mapera
Matonda
Muchonga
Nanasi
Pawpaw, apapalu
Cucumber
Onion
Avocado
Cabbage
Amaranth
Cowpea
Eggplant
Cat's whiskers
Pepper
Roselle
Mango
Tomato
Pumpkin
Corchorus, jute
Banana
Guava
Passion fruit
Orange
Pineapple
Papaya
Cucumis sp.
Allium sp.
Persea americana
Brassica sp.
Amaranthus spp.
Vigna unguiculata
Solanum spp.
Cleome gynandra
Capsicum spp.
Hibiscus spp.
Mangifera indica
Lycopersicon esculentum
Cucurbita spp.
Corchorus spp.
Musa sp.
Psidium guajava
Passiflora edulis
Citrus sp.
Ananas comosus
Carica papaya
Fruits
Bulbs
Fruits
Leaves
Leaves
Leaves, grains
Fruits
Leaves
Fruits
Leaves
Fruits
Fruits
Fruits, leaves
Leaves
Fruits
Fruits
Fruits
Fruits
Fruits
Fruits
Distinctive micronutrients
Vit. C
Vit. A
Vit. C
Ca, Vit. A
Ca, Folic ac., Fe, Vit. A
Vit. A
Vit. A, Vit. C
Vit. A
Vit. A, Vit. C
Vit. A, Vit. C
Ca, Vit. A
Vit. A
Vit. A
Vit. A, Vit. C
Vit. C
Vit. A, Vit. C
Vit. C
Vit. A, Vit. C
Sources: Participatory research with Teso and Kumam farmers in Soroti district, Uganda, 2001.
Exemples d’utilisation de
plantes sauvages pour
l’alimentation dan le groupe
Gogo à Dodoma (Tanzanie)
This rapid field survey in a few
villages indicates that rural population
in this area use over 40 different wild
food plants.
This high use of wild food plants is
widespread in rural Africa, yet highly
ignored
in
agricultural
and
environmental
policies
and
programmes.
Source: Field research, 2001 (in collaboration with the
Tanzanian Association of Women Leaders in
Agriculture and the Environment - TAWLAE)
Local name (1)
Seasonal availability (2)
Part consumed
Chidingulilu
Chimhela
Chipali
Chiwandagulu
Dinhi
Fulu
Fwene
Ikuwi / Upela (4)
Ilende
Kayeba (5)
Lwamuya
Mahulihuli
Manhala
Matanga
Mbuli
Mhelemehe
Mhilile
Mkuyu
Mnamha
Mnghonjela
Msisi
Mujinanhandala
Mzimwe
Ndalangwe
Ndejeha
Ngazi
Ng'hole
Ng'homwa
Nghwata
Ngologolo
Ngwelu
Nhafuta
Nhingha
Nhumba
Nhundwe
Nyakifwega
Saka
Sang'hala
Sunga
Susunha
Udawi
Uwoga
Yagayaga
Yambu
Dry
Rain
Rain
Rain / Dry
Rain
Rain
Rain
Rain / Dry
Rain / Dry
Rain / Dry
Rain
Rain / Dry
Rain
Rain
Rain
Dry
Rain
Rain / Dry
Rain
Rain
Dry
Rain
Rain
Rain
Dry
Rain
Rain / Dry
Rain
Dry
Rain / Dry
Rain / Dry
Rain
Dry
Dry
Rain / Dry
Rain
Dry
Dry
Rain
Rain / Dry
Rain / Dry
Rain
Rain
Rain
Flowers
Roots
Leaves
Leaves
Leaves
Fruits
Leaves
Leaves / Fruits
Leaves
Leaves
Leaves
Leaves
Leaves / Fruits
Leaves / Fruits
Leaves
Fruits
Leaves
Fruits
Leaves
Leaves
Fruits
Roots
Leaves
Fruits
Leaves / Fruits
Leaves
Fruits
Roots
Fruits
Roots
Fruits
Fruits
Roots
Fruits
Fruits
Leaves
Fruits
Leaves / Flowers
Leaves
Fruits
Fruits
Mushroom
Leaves
Leaves
Preservation (3)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-
Diversity and importance
Importance des plantes sauvages et des
jardins potagers en Afrique
wild food plants
home garden crops
J.A.Gari, 2001
arid
semi-arid
subhumid
Agroecological zones
humid
Medicinal plants and HIV/AIDS
Medicinal plants from Uganda that have proven useful after clinical trials
in treating Herpes Zoster and diarrhea, two major diseases associated with HIV/AIDS
Local name
(1)
Scientific name
(2)
Plant group
Main use
Akasogaasoga Ricinus communis
Euphorbiaceae
Herpes Zoster
Kibwankulata
Iboza multiflora
Labiatae
Herpes Zoster
Lukandwa
Securinega virosa
Euphorbiaceae
Herpes Zoster
Luwoko
Phytolacca dodecandra
Phytolaccaceae
Herpes Zoster
Mutulika
Phyllanthus guineensis
Euphorbiaceae
Herpes Zoster
Embutamu
Hydrocotyle mannii
Umbelliferae
Diarrhea
Enkami
Priva cordifolia, variety flabelliformis Verbenaceae
Diarrhea
1. Luganda language.
2. Provisional taxonomic identification. Scientific names revised according to the International
Plant Name Index.
Source: Internal data, THETA, Kampala, Uganda, 2001. Personal communications with Claire
Nsubuga, co-curator of THETA's herbal garden, November 2001.
Nutrition / Santé
• diversification d'alimentation / amélioration de prise de
micronutriments
• usage optimale des plantes et nourritures locales
• reconnaissance et soutien pour le rôle des femmes rurales
dans l'agriculture, la production alimentaire et la nutrition
• aliments et nourriture satisfaisants pour les malades
• usage des plantes médicinales (santé basique)
• la nutrition comme première médicine contre la VIH/SIDA
Travail agricole
• pratiques pour épargner travail / flexibilité du
travaux agricole
• options per l'agriculture de bas intensité de main
d’oeuvre
• optimisation et diffusion du travail
Sécurité économique
• agriculture de bas intrants: diminution des coûts de
production, gain de revenu agricole plus haut
• divers alternatives de revenue et commercialisation
• agriculture organique: moyens économiques pour
fertiliser
les sols et manager les pestes
• accès local aux semences / autonomie en semences
Gestion agricole
• conservation des ressources naturelles
• gestion des risques d'environnement (sécheresse, pestes)
• usage des terres marginales / manager le manque des terres
• transmission des savoir-faire et ressources agricoles aux
jeunes et enfants rurales
• recherche participative / essais des paysans
• maintenance de la base pour la reconstruction rural
Articles
Garí, J.A. (2004). "Plant diversity, sustainable rural
livelihoods and the HIV/AIDS crisis". UNDP / FAO.
http://www.hiv-development.org/publications
Garí, J.A. (2003). "Agrobiodiversity strategies to combat foor
insecurity and HIV/AIDS impact in rural Africa: Advancing
grassroots responses for nutrition, health and sustainable
livelihoods". FAO (SDWP); preliminary edition.
http://www.geocities.com/rural_Africa
Informations supplémentaires
http://www.fao.org/hivaids
http://www.fao.org/es/esn/nutrition/household_hivaids_en.stm
http://www.fao.org/sd/links/resources/resources.html
http://www.underutilized-species.org