Transcript Document 7518802

Speaking To Persuade
&
Appendix B – Sample Speech
HCOM 100
Instructor Name
PREVIEW
Speaking to Persuade
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Persuasion Defined
Motivating Your Audience
Selecting and Narrowing Your
Persuasive Presentation Topic
Organizing Your Persuasive Messages
Strategies for Persuading Your Audience
How to Adjust Ideas to People and
People to Ideas
Persuasion Defined
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Persuasion is the process of attempting to
change or reinforce attitudes, beliefs, values,
or behavior.
The persuasive speaker invites listener to
make a choice, rather than just offering
information about the options.
The persuasive speaker asks the audience to
respond thoughtfully to the information
presented.
The persuasive speaker intentionally tries to
change or reinforce the listeners’ feelings,
ideas, or behavior.
Motivating Your Audience
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Motivating with dissonance
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Cognitive dissonance occurs when you are presented
with information that is inconsistent with your current
thinking or feelings.
Motivating with needs
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Maslow’s Hierarchy
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Physiological
Safety
Social
Self esteem
Self-actualization
Motivating Your Audience
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Motivating with Fear Appeals
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Threat to family members
Credibility of speaker
Perceived “realness” of the threat
Motivating with Positive Appeals
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Promising that good things will happen
if the speaker’s advice is followed.
Selecting and Narrowing Your
Persuasive Topic
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Who is the Audience?
What is the Occasion?
What are my interests and experiences?
Brainstorming
Scanning Web Directories and Web
Pages
Listening and Reading for Topic Ideas
Identifying Your
Persuasive Purpose
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General Purpose
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Persuade
Specific Purpose
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Attitude (learned
predisposition to respond
favorably or unfavorably)
Belief (sense of what is
true or false)
Values (enduring
conception of right and
wrong)
Developing Your Central Idea as
a Persuasive Proposition
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A proposition is a statement with which the
speaker wants their audience to agree.
Proposition of Fact
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True/False
Proposition of Value
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Judge worth or importance of something
Proposition of Policy
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Advocates specific action, includes “should”
Strategies for
Persuading Your Audience
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Ethos: Establishing
Your Credibility
• An audience’s
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perception of the
speaker’s competence,
trustworthiness,
dynamism
Charisma
Initial, derived, terminal
Pronounced: (Zer Vesel)
Strategies for
Persuading Your Audience
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Logos: Using Evidence and Reasoning
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Proof consists of both evidence and the conclusions
you draw (reasoning)
Inductive reasoning
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Deductive reasoning
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• Arrives at a general conclusion from specific instances
• Reasoning by analogy
• Reasoning from a general statement to reach a specific
conclusion
Causal reasoning
• Relate two or more events in such a way as to conclude
that one or more of the events caused the others
Logical Fallacies
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Causal Fallacy
Bandwagon Fallacy
Either-Or Fallacy
Hasty Generalization
Personal Attack
Red Herring
Appeal to Misplaced Authority
Non Sequitur
Strategies for
Persuading Your Audience
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Pathos: Using Emotion
• Emotion-arousing verbal messages
• Concrete illustrations and descriptions
• Nonverbal messages
Organizing Your
Persuasive Messages
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Problem and Solution
Cause and Effect
Refutation
• An organizational strategy by which you
identify objections to your proposition and
refute them with arguments and evidence
Organizing Your
Persuasive Messages
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Monroe’s Motivated Sequence
• Attention
• Need
• Satisfaction
• Visualization (positive and negative)
• action
How to Adapt Ideas to People
and People to Ideas
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The Receptive Audience
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Identify with your audience
Be overt in stating your speaking
objective
Use emotional appeal
The Neutral Audience
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“hook” them with introduction
Refer to universal beliefs and
concerns
Show how the topic affects them
Be realistic
How to Adjust Ideas to People
and People to Ideas
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The Unreceptive Audience
• Don’t immediately announce your persuasive
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purpose
Advance your strongest arguments first
Acknowledge opposing points of view
Be realistic
Appendix B – Sample Speech
Persuasive Example:
•Prosecutorial Abuse
Prosecutorial Abuse
Example Persuasive Speech
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Intro
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Attention Getter
Propositional Statement
Preview of all main
points
Transition
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Body
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Need/Problem
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Point One
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Evidence
Transition
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Point Two
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Evidence
Transition
Point Three
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Evidence
Transition
Conclusion
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Restate Proposition
Call to action
Review of main points
Restate Attention-getter
What questions do you have?
Homework:
1.) Reading?
2.) Turn in assignments?