Transcript ASEAN Prof. Philip Yang National Taiwan University 2016/5/23

ASEAN
Prof. Philip Yang
National Taiwan University
2016/5/23
1
ASEAN
2016/5/23

The Association of Southeast Asian
Nations (ASEAN) was established on
8 August 1967 in Bangkok by the five
original Member Countries, namely,
Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines,
Singapore, and Thailand.

Brunei joined in 1984, Vietnam in
1995, Laos and Myanmar in 1997, and
Cambodia in 1999.
2
2016/5/23
3
2016/5/23
4
2016/5/23
5

As of 2006, the ASEAN region has
a population of about 560 million,
a total area of 4.5 million square
kilometers, a combined gross
domestic product of almost US$
1,100 billion, and a total trade of
about US$ 1,400 billion.
2016/5/23
6
Objectives

2016/5/23
The ASEAN Declaration states that the
aims and purposes of the Association
are: (1) to accelerate economic growth,
social progress and cultural
development in the region and (2) to
promote regional peace and stability
through abiding respect for justice and
the rule of law in the relationship
among countries in the region and
adherence to the principles of the
United Nations Charter.
7
The ASEAN Vision 2020, adopted by the
ASEAN Leaders on the 30th Anniversary
of ASEAN, agreed on a shared vision of
ASEAN as a concert of Southeast Asian
nations, outward looking, living in peace,
stability and prosperity, bonded together
in partnership in dynamic development
and in a community of caring societies.
 In 2003, the ASEAN Leaders resolved
that an ASEAN Community shall be
established comprising three pillars,
namely, ASEAN Security Community,
ASEAN Economic Community and
ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community.
2016/5/23
8

ASEAN Charter





2016/5/23
The ASEAN Charter is a constitution for
ASEAN. It was adopted at the 13th
ASEAN Summit in November 2007.
"Respect for the independence,
sovereignty and territorial integrity of
member states"
"Peaceful settlement of disputes"
"Non-interference in member states'
internal affairs"
"Right to live without external
9
interference"
Fundamental Principles
2016/5/23

Mutual respect for the independence,
sovereignty, equality, territorial
integrity, and national identity of all
nations;

Non-interference in the internal
affairs of one another;

Peaceful Settlement of disputes;

Renunciation of the threat or use of
force.
10
ASEAN SECURITY COMMUNITY


Through political dialogue and confidence
building, no tension has escalated into armed
confrontation among ASEAN Member
Countries since its establishment more than
three decades ago.
To build on what has been constructed over
the years in the field of political and security
cooperation, the ASEAN Leaders have agreed
to establish the ASEAN Security Community
(ASC). The ASC shall aim to ensure that
countries in the region live at peace with one
another and with the world in a just,
democratic and harmonious environment.
2016/5/23
11


The members of the Community pledge
to rely exclusively on peaceful
processes in the settlement of intraregional differences and regard their
security as fundamentally linked to one
another and bound by geographic
location, common vision and objectives.
It has the following components:
political development; shaping and
sharing of norms; conflict prevention;
conflict resolution; post-conflict peace
building; and implementing
mechanisms.
2016/5/23
12
Major political agreements







2016/5/23
1967: ASEAN Declaration
1971: Zone of Peace, Freedom and
Neutrality Declaration
1976: Treaty of Amity and Cooperation
in Southeast Asia
1992: ASEAN Declaration on the South
China Sea
1994: ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF)
1997 Treaty on the Southeast Asia
Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone
Declaration of ASEAN Concord II, Bali, 7
October 2003.
13
ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY


The ASEAN Economic Community shall
be the end-goal of economic integration
measures as outlined in the ASEAN
Vision 2020.
Its goal is to create a stable, prosperous
and highly competitive ASEAN economic
region in which there is a free flow of
goods, services, investment and a freer
flow of capital, equitable economic
development and reduced poverty and
socio-economic disparities in year 2020.
2016/5/23
14
Major Economic Agreements
2016/5/23

1977: Preferential Trading
Arrangement

1992: Toward an ASEAN Free
Trade Area or AFTA

1997: ASEAN Vision 2020

2001: ASEAN-China FTA
15
External Relations

Holding of an annual dialogue among
the leaders of ASEAN, China, Japan, and
Korea.

1997: ASEAN + 3

Dialogue Partners: Australia, Canada, China,
EU, India, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Russia,
US, and the United Nations Development
Program.

2016/5/23
In 2006, ASEAN was given observer status at
the United Nations General Assembly
16
Ambassador of Luxembourg to ASEAN Presents His Letter of
2016/5/23Appointment to the Secretary-General of ASEAN, 24 April 2009 17
ASEAN Structure

ASEAN Summit

The ASEAN Ministerial Meeting
(Foreign Ministers、Other Sectors
MM)

29 committees of senior officials and
122 technical working groups

ASEAN Secretariat (SecretaryGeneral)
2016/5/23
18
2016/5/23
19





AEM: ASEAN Economic Ministers
AMM: ASEAN Ministerial Meeting
AFMM: ASEAN Finance Ministers Meeting
ASC: ASEAN Standing Committee
2016/5/23
SOM: Senior Officials Meeting
20
AFTA
2016/5/23

Launched in 1992, the ASEAN Free
Trade Area (AFTA) is now in place. It
aims to promote the region’s
competitive advantage as a single
production unit.

The elimination of tariff and nontariff barriers among Member
Countries is expected to promote
greater economic efficiency,
productivity, and competitiveness.
21
AFTA

2010 for Six, 2015 for new members

Most of the Southeast Asian region is
now a free trade area.

Accounting for over 96 percent of all
ASEAN trade, the first six signatories
of the ASEAN Free Trade Area have
reduced their tariffs on intra-regional
trade to no more than five percent for
almost all products.
2016/5/23
22


As of 1 January 2005, tariffs on almost 99
percent of the products in the Inclusion
List of the ASEAN-6 have been reduced to
no more than 5 percent. More than 60
percent of these products have zero
tariffs. The average tariff for ASEAN-6
has been brought down from more than
12 percent when AFTA started to 2
percent today.
For the newer Member Countries, namely,
Cambodia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Viet
Nam (CLMV), tariffs on about 81 percent
of their Inclusion List have been brought
down to within the 0-5 percent range.
2016/5/23
23
ASEAN Way
The ASEAN Way has three
elements.
 First, it refers to some
principles such as noninterference in the internal
affairs of member states and
peaceful resolution of
disputes.

2016/5/23
24

2016/5/23
Second, ASEAN way is also
a procedural preference,
which requires consensus
through a process of
consultation, , and
moderation that specifically
considers the position of
weaker members.
25

Third, ASEAN way prefers
quiet diplomacy, away from the
glare of publicity, which lays
the groundwork for the
avoidance of open disputes
and the achievement of
consensus, without the need
for legal measures.
2016/5/23
26
Discussion Question
On 23 April 2008, Myanmar's military leaders finally published
draft constitution after a 15 year delay. The constitution is to b
put to vote in a referendum.
Prof Joseph Silverstein, a long-time Burma-watcher from
Rutgers University, thinks the role of the ASEAN is key. "If it
were approved I think there would be protests and a lot of
demonstrations, there would be criticism from the UN, United
States and Western European countries," he says. "But in the
end it will stand, because the position of the ASEAN and the
world generally is that this is an internal matter." (BBC Online:
24/8/2008)
Why has ASEAN typically been unwilling to intervene
in the "internal affairs" of member states? What
factors could push ASEAN to take a more
interventionist stand with regard to Myanmar?
2016/5/23
27