Confidence Building Measures and Preventive Diplomacy
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Transcript Confidence Building Measures and Preventive Diplomacy
Confidence Building Measures
and Preventive Diplomacy :
ASEAN Perspectives
By
C.P.F. Luhulima
ASEAN – exercise in CB & PD
• Characteristic:
1. Border & territorial
2.
3.
4.
disputes;
Ethnic conflicts &
animosities;
Religious prejudice;
Fear of smaller
states of the bigger
ones.
•
1.
2.
3.
Goals:
Economic growth;
Social progress;
Cultural
development in the
region.
To promote regional peace & stability
ASEAN & the Concept of PD
•
The Principles of
ASEAN (TAC 1976):
• Sovereign Equality;
• Territorial integrity;
• Non-interference in
the internal affairs
of a member state.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
It is to guarantee that each
country shall have the right
to:
Lead its national existence
free from external
interference subversion /
coercion;
Not interfere in the internal
affairs of one another;
Settle the differences /
dispute and conducted
only by peaceful means;
Refuse threat / use of
force;
Encourage effective
cooperation among
themselves.
UN & the Concept of PD
• UN Charter - article 33 (1):
If a dispute between countries in the
region occur and disturbing regional peace
and harmony the parties to the dispute
should be persuaded to take the initiative
in finding solution through peaceful
negotiation and in the shortest time
possible.
The ARF & the Concept of PD
• To help prevent disputes
•
•
& conflicts from arising
between States that could
potentially pose a threat
to regional peace and
stability;
To help prevent such
dispute & conflicts from
escalating into armed
confrontation;
To help minimize the
impact of such disputes &
conflicts on the region.
• Non-coercive;
• It requires trust &
•
•
•
confidence;
It operates on the basis of
consultation & consensus;
It is voluntary;
It is conducted in accordance
with universally recognized
basic principles of
international law & interstate relation embodied,
inter alia, in the UN Charter,
the Five Principles of
Peaceful Co-existence and
the TAC.
Kofi Annan’s concept of PD
1. Preventive deployment;
2. Preventive disarmament;
3. Preventive humanitarian action;
4. Preventive peace-building.
Implementation of PD
Case study:
1. The Philippine government & the Moro
National Liberation Front;
2. The conflict between the Government of
Indonesia and the Gerakan Aceh
Merdeka (Aceh Freedom Movement).
State Sovereignty and Human Rights:
Seeking the Equilibrium
• Since the atrocities in
Srebrenica, Kosovo
and Rwanda, a state
also responsible in
protecting its citizens
from domestic conflict
and various acts of
violence and
atrocities.
• Reasons why a State
1.
2.
failed to protect its
citizens are:
Lack of political will;
Narrow national
interest and
negligence.
Key word : B A L A N C E
The Outlook
1. A step-by-step approach in order to ensure
2.
3.
consensual progress to secure the maintenance
& continuing enhancement of commitment of all
participants in the ARF process.
ASEAN & ARF shall deliberate on settling clear
cut targets in preventing disputes & conflicts in
the region (not only between states but also
between the state and its citizenry).
ASEAN will have to shift from an explanatory to
a normative approach in its endeavours to shape
in its future, also in nurturing confidencebuilding, preventive diplomacy and approaches
to conflict resolution.
Thank You