Transcript PowerPoint 簡報

ASEAN Regional Forum
Prof. Philip Yang
National Taiwan University
2015/7/16
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Background
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The ASEAN Regional Forum
(ARF) was established in 1994.
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It draws together 27 countries
which have an impact on or are
involved in the security of the
Asia Pacific region.
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27 countries：the 10 ASEAN
member states (Brunei, Burma,
Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia,
Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and
Vietnam)
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the 10 ASEAN dialogue partners
(Australia, Canada, China, the EU, India,
Japan, New Zealand, ROK, Russia and
the United States),
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one ASEAN observer (PNG) ,
also the DPRK, Mongolia, Pakistan, East
Timor, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
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ARF meetings are held at the
Foreign Minister level, annually in
late July, in conjunction with the
ASEAN Post Ministerial
Conference (PMC).

Chairmanship of the ARF is in line
with the annual rotation of the
Chairmanship of ASEAN.
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
The ARF is the principal forum for
security dialogue in Asia,
complementing the various
bilateral alliances and dialogues.

It provides a setting in which
members can discuss current
regional security issues and
develop cooperative measures to
enhance peace and security in the
region.
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Objectives of ARF
First ARF Chairman's Statement :

a.
to foster constructive dialogue and
consultation on political and security
issues of common interest and
concern; and
b.
to make significant contributions to
efforts towards confidence-building
and preventive diplomacy in the
Asia-Pacific region.
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ARF Organization and Activities

The ARF is characterized by minimal
institutionalization and consensus decisionmaking.
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I. Foreign Ministers Meeting

II. Senior Officials Meeting (SOM)
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III. First Track Meeting
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IV. Second Track Meeting
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V. Expert Level
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First Track Meeting
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Inter-Sessional Meeting (ISM)
Inter-sessional Support Group
(ISG)
 ISM on Peacekeeping
Operations
 ISM on Search and Rescue
 ISM on Disaster Relief
 ISG on CBMs
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Second Track Meeting
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Seminar on Peacekeeping
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Seminar on Principles of Security
and Stability
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Seminar on Preventive Diplomacy
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Seminar on Approaches to
Confidence Building
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Seminar on Non-Proliferation
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Expert Level
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Meeting of Heads of National Defense
Colleges
Demining Course
Search and Rescue Coordination and
Cooperation
Seminar on the Production of Defence
Policy Documents
Disaster Relief Experts Group
Meeting of Specialist Officials on
Maritime Issues
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Recent ARF Meetings
 December 2002 - Humanitarian
Assistance and Disaster Relief Seminar,
Singapore
 June 2003 - ARF CBM Workshop on
Managing the Consequences of a Major
Terrorist Attack, Australia
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ARF MM, 2001, Hanoi
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ARF MM, 2006, Malaysia
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ARF Documents
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Chairman’s Statement from ARF
MM
Co-Chair’s Summary Report from
ARF Intersessional Meetins
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Development of the ARF
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The ARF is characterized by
consensus decision making and
minimal institutionalization.
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The 1995 ARF Concept Paper set out
a three-stage, evolutionary approach
to the ARF's development, moving
from confidence-building to
preventive diplomacy and, in the long
term, towards a conflict resolution
capability.
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In its first ten years, the ARF has
made modest gains in building a
sense of strategic community and,
more recently, it has contributed
to the region's counter terrorism
work.
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But efforts to develop tools of
preventive diplomacy and conflict
management are still at an early
stage.
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Concept Paper on ARF, 1995
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A gradual evolutionary approach is
required.
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Stage I : Promotion of ConfidenceBuilding Measures
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Stage II: Development of Preventive
Diplomacy Mechanisms
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Stage III: Development of ConflictResolution Mechanisms
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Confidence-building measures (CBMs)

Limiting or reducing the level of fear among
parties in conflict is essential for building
confidence and a sense of security.
Confidence-building measures (CBMs) aim
to lessen anxiety and suspicion by making
the parties' behavior more predictable.
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CBMs are agreements between two or more
parties regarding exchanges of information
and verification, typically with respect to the
use of military forces and armaments.
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CBMs typically rely on tools for
maintaining direct and quick
communication and monitoring
among governments and military
forces.
Such communication measures
include hotlines, regional
communication centers to assist
parties in crisis management, and
regularly scheduled consultations
among officials of the armed forces.
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While a single CBM is unlikely to prevent
conflict or contribute to peacebuilding, a
series of such agreements can allow for
an increased sense of security. In time,
such measures may even lead to
changed understanding of a country's
security needs.
Some common CBMs are agreements
meant to give each party assurance that
the other is not preparing for surprise
military action or pursuing policies
associated with such future action.
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The ARF's work program includes
encouragement and development of
confidence-building measures, such as
promoting participation in international
arms control and non-proliferation
regimes and the production of Annual
Security Outlooks by participating
states.
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Since 2000, the ARF has begun to
develop its preventive diplomacy
function, focusing on concepts and
principles of preventive diplomacy as a
framework for ARF activities.
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Specific tools are foreseen in efforts to
enhance the role of the ARF Chair
develop an experts/eminent persons
register.
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Preventive Diplomacy

PD is diplomatic and political action :
 to
help prevent disputes and conflicts
from arising between States that could
potentially pose a threat to regional peace
and stability;
 to help prevent such disputes and
conflicts from escalating into armed
confrontation;
 to help minimise the impact of such
disputes and conflicts on the region
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Council for Security
Cooperation in the Asia
Pacific (CSCAP)
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Established in 1993, the CSCAP
has been described as 'the most
ambitious proposal to date for a
regularized, focused and
inclusive non-governmental,
second track process on Asia
Pacific security matters'.
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CSCAP Working Groups
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Maritime Cooperation
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North Pacific Dialogue
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Comprehensive and Cooperative
Security
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CSBMs (including transparency)
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Transnational Crime
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Discussion Question
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Fukushima argues: 'When
compared to the European
security architecture, Asian
security architecture is a pale
shadow.' Why does he believe
this to be the case? What factors
will influence the future evolution
of the ARF?
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