Transcript Document 7305963

International
Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment
1. Why MICE?
MICE
2. Measurement
3. Prototyping
4. MICE at RAL
5. schedule
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
Why MICE?
Based on Muon collider ideas and development (Palmer et al, 92->),
the Neutrino Factory concept (Geer, 1998) resonated in 1998 with the
final demonstration of Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillations by the SuperK Collaboration.
International workshops:
NUFACT 99 (Lyon, France)
NUFACT 00 (Montery, California)
NUFACT 01 (Tsukuba, Japan)
NUFACT 02 (London, UK)
NUFACT 03 (Columbia,NY,USA)
NUFACT 04 (Osaka, Japan)
NUFACT 05 (italy?)
 Neutrino Factory
is the ultimate tool for study
of Neutrino Oscillations
-- unique source of high energy ne
--reach/sensitivity better by
order(s) of magnitude wrt other
techniques (e.g. super-beams) for
* q13 *
** matter effects **
*** leptonic CP violation ***
**** ne  nm and nt ****
m+

e+
ne
_
nm
NB : leptonic CP violation is a key ingredient
in the leading explanations for the mystery of
the baryon-antibaryon asymmetry in our universe
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
Where will this get us…
X5
0.10
10
2.50
50
130
Mezzetto
comparison of reach in the oscillations; right to left:
present limit from the CHOOZ experiment,
expected sensitivity from the MINOS experiment, CNGS (OPERA+ICARUS)
0.75 MW JHF to super Kamiokande with an off-axis narrow-band beam,
Superbeam: 4 MW CERN-SPL to a 400 kt water Cerenkov@ Fréjus (J-PARC phase II similar)
Neutrino Factory with 40 kton large magnetic detector.
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
3 sigma sensitivity of various options
NUFACT
Superbeam only
Beta-beam only
Betabeam
+ superbeam
Upgrade
400kton-> 1 Mton
J-PARC HK
540 kton?
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
Neutrino Factory studies and R&D
USA, Europe, Japan have each their scheme. Only one has been costed, US study II:
+ detector: MINOS * 10 = about 300 M€ or M$
Neutrino Factory CAN be done…..but it is too expensive as is.
Aim: ascertain challenges can be met + cut cost in half.
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
Particle physicist:
Q: Can a Neutrino Factory be built?
Accelerator physisicst:
A: YES! (US study II, CERN)
but… it is expensive,
and many ingredients
have never been demonstrated!
 R&D is needed. (est. 5yrs)
to
1. reduce cost and
2. ascertain performance
among critical items:
*** COOLING ***
Cooling component development programme:
MUCOOL collabration (US-Japan-UK)
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
IONIZATION COOLING
principle:
this will surely work..!
reality (simplified)
….maybe…
A delicate technology and integration problem
Need to build a realistic prototype and verify that it works (i.e. cools a beam)
Difficulties lay in particular in
 operating RF cavities in Mag. Field,
 interface with SC magnets and LH2 absorbers
What performance can one get?
Difficulty: affordable prototype of cooling section only cools beam by 10%,
while standard emittance measurements barely achieve this precision.
Solution: measure the beam particle-by-particle
RF Noise!!
state-of-the-art particle physics instrumentation
will test state-of-the-art accelerator technology. NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
ECFA recommendations (September 2001:)
MUTAC ( 14-15 jan 2003)(US)
The committee remains convinced that this experiment, which is absolutely required to
validate the concept of ionization cooling, and the R&D leading to it should be the
highest priority of the muon collaboration. Planning and design for the experiment have
advanced dramatically(…)
EMCOG: (6 feb 2003) (Europe)
(…)EMCOG was impressed by the quality of the experiment, which has been well studied,
is well organized and well structured. The issue of ionization cooling is critical and this
justifies the important effort that the experiment represents.
EMCOG recommends very strongly a timely realization of MICE.
MUTAC: Muon Technical Advisory Committee (Helen Edwards, et al) (US)
EMCOG: European Muon Coordination and Oversight Group (C. Wyss et al)
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
MICE is part of a international concerted effort of R&D towards a Neutrino Factory.
It is one of the four priorities set up by EMCOG
European Muon Coordination and Oversight Group
-----
High intensity proton driver
High power target
high rep rate collection system (horns, solenoid)
Ionization coolng demonstration
These will correspond to the workpackages of the
ECFA/ESGARD superbeam/neutrino factory feasibility study * 
(package for detector R&D will be added!)
The contribution of experimenters in MICE is justified and necessary given the
difficulty of the measurement.
In addition it fulfills the ECFA recommendation to increase education in
accelerator physics, and builds a community of people who would be able to
understand and operate the real system
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
Superbeam/neutrino Factory design study (sub 2004)
HIPPI
SPL
Neutrino factory
The ultimate tool
for neutrino oscillations
Superbeam
APEC design study (sub 2005)
Beta beam
EURISOL
Very large underground lab
Water Cerenkov, Liq.Arg
EURISOL design study (sub 2004)
SPL physics workshop: 25-26 May 2004 at CERN
 CERN SPSC Cogne meeting sept. 2004
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
An International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE)
Summary
The aims of the international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment are:
To show that it is possible to design, engineer and build a section of
cooling channel capable of giving the desired performance for a Neutrino
Factory;
To place it in a muon beam and measure its performance in a variety of
The beam never lies
modes of operation and beam conditions.
The MICE collaboration has designed an experiment where a section of an
ionisation cooling channel is exposed to a muon beam and reduces its
transverse emittance by 10% for muon momenta between 140 and 240 MeV/c.
The experiment has been called for, recommended and APPROVED….
… conditional to proper funding and support.
Under these same assumptions,
ionization cooling of muons will be demonstrated by 2008
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
10% cooling of 200 MeV/c muons requires ~ 20 MV of RF
single particle measurements =>
measurement precision can be as good as D ( e out/e in ) = 10-3
never done before either….
Coupling Coils 1&2
Spectrometer
solenoid 1
Matching
coils 1&2
Focus coils 1
Focus coils 2
Focus coils 3
Matching
coils 1&2
Spectrometer
solenoid 2
m
Beam PID
TOF 0
Cherenkov
TOF 1
Diffusers 1&2
Incoming muon beam
RF cavities 1
RF cavities 2
Liquid Hydrogen absorbers 1,2,3
Downstream
particle ID:
TOF 2
Cherenkov
Calorimeter
Trackers 1 & 2
measurement of emittance in and out
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
Belgium
Downstream Cherenkov
Netherlands
Magnetic probes and measurement
INFN
Spectrometer solenoid,
TOF detectors,
Calorimeter,
Tracker, DAQ
Responsibilities as
stated in proposal
France
Magnetic measurements
(Hardware)
Switzerland
Beam Solenoid (PSI), Tracker
possibly spectrometer solenoid
contribution
CERN
UK
Refurbished RF power sources
(refurbished Cryogenics?)
Beam, Home and Infrastructure!
Focus coils,
Absorber,
Tracker
Russia
under discussions
Japan
Absorbers
tracker and possibly spectrometer
solenoid contribution
RF cavities,
coupling coil
Absorbers
tracker
up-and downstream Cherenkov
USA
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
Quantities to be measured in a cooling experiment
cooling effect at nominal input
emittance ~10%
equilibrium emittance = 2.5 mm.radian
Acceptance: beam of 5cm
and 120 mrad rms
curves for 23 MV, 3 full absorbers, particles on crest
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
Emittance measurement
Each spectrometer measures 6 parameters per particle
x y t
x’ = dx/dz = Px/Pz
y’ = dy/dz = Py/Pz t’ = dt/dz =E/Pz
Determines, for an ensemble (sample) of N particles, the moments:
Averages <x> <y> etc…
Second moments: variance(x) sx2 = < x2 - <x>2 > etc…
covariance(x) sxy = < x.y - <x><y> >
Covariance matrix
2
M =  s x s xy
2
 ...

 ...
 ...

 ...
 ...

sy
s xt
...
s xx '
...
s xy '
...
...
...
...
...
s t2
...
...
...
...
s 2x'
...
...
...
...
s 2y '
...
s xt ' 

s yt ' 

s tt ' 
s x't ' 

s y 't ' 
s t2' 
6D
e
 det( M xytx 'y 't ' )
Evaluate emittance with:
e 4 D  det( M xyx 'y ' )  e 2
Getting at e.g. sx’t’
is essentially impossible
with multiparticle bunch
measurements
Compare ein with eout
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
G4MICE simulation of Muon traversing MICE
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
requirements on spectrometer system:
1.
must be sure particles considered are muons throughout
1.a reject incoming e, p, p
=> TOF 2 stations 10 m flight with 70 ps resolution
1.b reject outgoing e => Cerenkov + Calorimeter
2. measure 6 particle parameters
i.e. x,y,t, px/pz , py/pz , E/pz
=>
3. measure widths and correlations …
resolution in all parameters must be better than 10% of width
at equilibrium emittance (correction less than 1%)
s2meas = s2true+ s2res = s2true [ 1+ (sres/ strue)2 ] (n.b. these are r.m.s.!)
4. robust against noise from RF cavities
Statistical precision
105 muons  D( e out/ ein ) = 10-3 in ~ 1 hour
Systematics!!!!
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
tracking in a solenoid:
B
Baseline tracker
5 planes of scintillating fiber tracker
with 3 double layers.
passive detector + fast
good for RF noise
Very small fibers needed to reduce MS
Little light  VLPC readout (D0 experience)
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM RESOLUTION OK
RESULTS
Pz resolution degrades at low pt :
resolution in E/Pz is much better behaved
measurement rms is 4% of beam rms
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
Tracker R&D
The prototype
Sci-fi: a prototype of 3
out of 5 stations
(3 double planes each)
Was bulit and tested at
D0 test stand
Analysis in progress.
Fiber feed-throughs
A ‘typical’
cosmic ray track
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
MICE tracker back-up option:
TPC with GEM readout.
250 microns pads
connected in 3 sets of strips
1st Prototype being built
difficulties:
Long time constant
RF photons on the GEMs?
RF noise?
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
RF test setup – TPG in LinacIII at CERN
detector to
RF tanks
~30cm
H.V. power supply
L.V. power supply
Detector
back to RF
power
supply ~1m
GEM DETECTOR
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
Noise with RF:
no sign of effect on GEMS
Fe55
Zoomed signal
signal
55Fe pulse
height:
~300mV
Noise: ~40mV!
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
Backgrounds
measured dark currents
real background
reduced by factor
L/X0(H2) . L/X0(det)
0.07
0.0026
Extrapolation to MICE (201 MHz):
scale rates as (area.energy) X 100
and apply above reduction factor 2 10-4
Dark current backgrounds measured
on a 805 MHz cavity in magnetic field!
with a 1mm scintillating fiber at d=O(1m)
4 104 Hz/cm2 @ 8 MV/m @805 MHz
0.8 kHz/cm2 per sci-fi
 500 kHz/plane (gate is 20ns)
! within NO-VE
one order
magnitude
!
MICE of
Alain
Blondel, 4/12/03
RF cavity (800 MHz) at Fermilab
being pushed to its limits (35 MV/m)
to study dark current emission in magnetic
field. Sees clear enhancement due to B field.
Various diagnostics methods
photographic paper, scintillating fibers
Microscope ------
BCT and solid state counters
have demonstrated this and allowed precise
measurements
Real cavities will be equipped with Be windows
Which do not show sign of being pitted
contrary to Cu
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
Absorber/Coil Assembly
Absorber is interchangeable,
can be repaired or
changed to solid absorber.
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
LH2 Window R & D (IIT, NIU, ICAR)
Various shapes have
been studied to
--reduce thickness
-- increase strength
-- Breaking point
was measured!
Strain gages
~ 20 “points”
Shape measurement at FNAL
Pressure tests at NIU
MICE
Photogrammetry ~1000NO-VE
points
Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
Absorber II
Absorber body will be built at KEK
2 prototypes have been built
Third one according to
Safety-compliant design
safety review 9-10 dec. 2003
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
RF module
MICE is foresen with 8 RF cavities
Closed with Be windows
(increase gradient / MW RF power)
201 MHz
First cavity prototyped
Completion in 2004
RF power sources :
Will be assembled from equipement refurbished
from Berkeley, Los Alamos, CERN, RAL.
Needed 8 MW peak power  23 MV acceleration
Operation at LN2 foreseen to increase Volts / MW
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
First cavity shells
 have been produced
Similarly to LiH2 absorber windows, the
RF windows will be bell shaped to
minimize thickness (800 MHz prototype -
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
INSTALLATION OF MICE at RAL
Site Proposed for
MICE Plant
Proposed new linac
cooling plant room
Proposed route for
services
Alternative route
for services
Proposed site for
controls & control
room
(presently the cable
store and under the
ISIS control room ).
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
Beam line will include a 5m long
5T solenoid from PSI (CH)
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
Hall has been emptied and preparations to host the experiment begun
Large amount of LiH2 from absorbers
requires efficient storage
Suggested solution: metallic hydride
Ventilation duct
H2 absorber
Radiation
shielding
wall
Vacuum jacket
H2
Storage
unit
H2
Buffer
Tank
(1m3 approx)
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
m
-
STEP I:
spring 2006
STEP II: summer 2006
STEP III:
winter 2007
STEP IV: spring 2007
STEP V: fall 2007
STEP VI:
2008
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
November 2001: Letter of Intent (LOI) submitted to PSI and RAL
January 2002 Positive statements from PSI:
cannot host experiment, will collaborate (beam solenoid)
March
2002: LOI reviewed at RAL
June
2002: Review panel encouraged submission of a proposal.
January 2003: Proposal submitted to RAL
February 2003: EMCOG recommends timely realization of MICE
May
2003: International Peer review Panel strongly recommends
October 2003: Director(CE) of RAL approves experiment conditional to
‘gateways’… UK funding in the range of >~10 M£
December 9-10 Safety review to clear hydrogen safety design principle
… …
All seems very well!
-- MICE found a home
-- Host lab ans UK community enthusiastic
Next important steps:
Funding has to be secured from the international partners:
-- Japan ~OK
-- US request to NSF -> decision early 2004
-- request have or will be posted to CH, B, NL, Italy, CEA
New collaborators (esp. Accelerator physicists) welcome!
NEUTRINO COMMUNITY SHOULD SUPPORT THIS LONG TERM EFFORT!
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03
Time Line
If all goes well and funding is adequate, Muon Ionization cooling will have been
demonstrated and measured precisely by 2008
LHC/J-PARC start-up
At that time:
MINOS and CNGS will have started and mesured Dm132 more precisely
J-Parc-SK will be about to start (Q13 measurement)
LHC will be about to give results as well
It will be timely (…and not too soon!) to have by then
a design for a neutrino factory *), knowing the
practical feasibility of ionization cooling
*)
plans:
proposal of a Neutrino factory feasibility study to EU (2004-2007)
US Study III (2005 onwards)
NO-VE MICE Alain Blondel, 4/12/03