Transcript Designing and Implementing e-Government Strategy Deepak Bhatia

Designing and Implementing
e-Government Strategy
Deepak Bhatia
Agenda
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E-government – brief introduction
E-government strategy – components
Case study – e-Bharat
What does all of this mean for the
World Bank
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Why e-government?
“Its hype”
“We think it will provide faster, more
convenient government services”
“Everyone else is doing
it, so its probably
important and useful”
“We don’t want to
fall behind all others”
“We think it will reduce costs for
”We think it will reduce costs for
individuals and businesses to deal
government (reduced data entry
with government”
costs, lower error rates)”
”To reduce corruption
and fight poverty”
”We think it’s a tool for transformation of
public administration from bureaucracy to
service provider”
“We think it will
improve
democratic
process”
”We need to reach out to a broader
part of population”
So what is E-Government?
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E-government is very simply about applying
information and communication technology
to all aspects of a government’s business
where it makes sense to improve efficiency
and effectiveness in the achievement of
policy and program outcomes
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So why an E-Government strategy?
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To pursue real economic development goals not just “technology
push”
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To create the right policy and institutional frameworks from the start.
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To maximize effectiveness of ICT initiatives within Government.
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To manage the increasing costs of I&IT in government
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To generate savings by applying I&IT in backend processes or other
programmatic areas
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To map path from pilot experiments to sustainable, scalable systems
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To design technology architecture (infrastructure, data, standards)
for the public sector
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To integrate organizational silos and deliver citizen services through
common channels.
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What is an e-government strategy?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Conceptual framework
Business case
Implementation Process
Measurement of results
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Conceptual Framework for E-Government
Strategy
Dimensions
Leadership
Human
Resource Dev.
Policy &
Institutional
Reform
Technology
Financing
Outputs
E-Governance:
•Legal Framework,
•ICT Policies - Standards
Connectivity & Data
Processing infrastructure
Goals
TRANSPARENCY
SERVICE
Institutional Infrastructure
for Service Delivery
EFFICIENCY
Client-Oriented Service
Applications
Back-End Government
Applications
ECONOMY
Making a business case for E-Government
Strategy
a. Defining worthwhile goals
b. Demonstrating financial feasibility
and sustainability
d. Developing incentive scheme
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Business Case: Goals
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To extend the reach of government services
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To promote equal access to government services
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To increase constituency satisfaction with
government services
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in particular: to reduce transaction costs for
citizens
Survey of citizens in Ontario indicated that
citizens want – timeliness of response and right
outcome (right information or completed
transaction)
To reduce government costs
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Business Case: Financial Feasibility
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Incremental investment financing– Justified by public goods nature
of outputs or market failures related to infrastructure-type investments.
For example, it is clear that there will be no competition for providing
training to public servants unless the government pays. The same
about the CSC infrastructure; unless government is willing to provide
some seed capital and selective operational subsidies the private sector
will not deploy the centers needed.
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Cost sharing with business _ through PPPs based on real user fees
or shadow transaction fees.
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Redirection of line ministry HRD and ITC budgets.
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Savings accrued over time from BPR, automation and outsourcing of
client interface. Important to note that in initial stages costs to
government may not be reduced (multiple channels, significant uptake)
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Business Case: Incentives
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Individuals: skills upgrading,
professional development, increased
autonomy, international exposure
Departments: Increased budgetary
control, organizational visibility,
economic rewards, e.g. share of
profits/savings, etc.
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E-Government Strategy: Process (1)
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Define vision and goals
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Set up high level leadership task force
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Ensure consistency with economic
development priorities
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Assess status quo and
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Secure political support
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Establish stakeholder participation
mechanisms (including demand)
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E-Government Strategy: Process (2)
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Put in place e-govt. management framework
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Assess priority needs for government services
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Secure funding
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Establish partnerships with private sector,
where feasible
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Design technical, data sharing, and service
delivery infrastructure.
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Prioritize projects (BPR first)
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E-Government Strategy: Process (3)
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Develop time-bound implementation plan
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Secure stakeholder buy-in of
implementation plan
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Implementation the strategy in phases
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Measure and publicize progress
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Evaluate results and make course
corrections.
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E-Govt. Strategy: Measurement of results
Output Indicators
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Infrastructure
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Governance
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Improvement in connectivity and data processing capacity
E-government management framework in place
Policy and regulatory framework in place
Institutional Capacity
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Geographical reach of government services
Training imparted
Business processes reengineered
Number of Government systems operating at service
standards
Note – illustrative examples – there are other measures of
capabilitiy
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Business Case: Measurement of results
Impact Indicators
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Constituency satisfaction with government
services (opinion surveys, citizen report
cards)
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Access by the poor and rural population
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Client orientation in public service
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Data sharing across information systems
transparency of government organization to service
recipients
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Example of e-government
strategy
NEGP - E-Bharat under
preparation
Example: NEGP - India’s e-Government
strategy
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NEGP’s goal is the provision of improved, more convenient
government services countrywide through on-line delivery at
local service centers.
NEGP is fully recognized as key part of national development
plans.
Involves central and all state governments. Will be led
centrally and implemented locally.
Will be implemented over an 8-year period (FY2006-2013) at
a cost of roughly USD 4 billion.
To be supported by proposed USD 1 billion Bank project in
two phases
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India’s NEGP : Scope of Outputs
Central
Services to
Citizens
(G2C)
Services to
Business
(G2B)
Other
Income Tax
Passport, visa and
immigration
E-Posts
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Excise
Company affairs
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National ID
National GIS for
planning
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State
Land records
Property registration
Road transport
Agriculture
Municipalities
Panchayats
Police
Employment Exchange
Education
Health
Food Distribution & other
welfare programs
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Integrated
Common Services Centres:
Single-window public service
delivery points eventually
reaching all the 600,000
villages in India
 State Wide Area Network
SWAN: fiber optic connectivity
up to block level
Countrywide State Data
Centers
All India Portal
National E-Governance
Gateway
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Commercial Taxes
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Treasuries
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EDI (customs & foreigh trade)
E-BIZ
E-Procurement
E-Courts
India’s NEGP: Criteria for selection of
MMPs
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Measurably improved citizen/business service
delivery
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Ownership by line ministry/ state department
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Acceptable BPR & change management plan
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Solutions can be rolled out in 2-4 years
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emphasis on poor & rural communities
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Use of PPP solutions
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India’s NEGP: Funding Sources
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Existing ministry budgets (3% national guideline for IT)
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Existing State funds
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Additional Central Assistance (ACA) from the central government to
the states.
External financing from the Bank and other donors, with harmonized
administration procedures.
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Private financing through Public Private Partnerships (PPPs)
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User charges
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India’s NEGP: Strategy for CSC Infrastructure
• To setup ICT- enabled CSCs in villages to deliver
multiple services to the villagers
• To deliver all possible G2C services through these
CSCs
• To promote public-private-partnerships (PPP) in
ownership and operation of CSCs
• To provide government subsidies calibrated to financial
sustainability of CSCs
India’s NEGP: Strategy for Capacity
Building
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Provide expert TA on project management
and procurement
Support BPR plans of implementing
departments
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Finance extensive training program
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Nurture stakeholder/domain networks
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Levels of Capacity Needs- at State Level
•Policy Formulation
•Committing Resources
•Taking hard decisions
Leadership & Vision
P
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•Preparing Roadmaps
•Prioritization
•Frameworks, Guidelines
Program Development
•Monitoring Progress
•Inter-agency Collaboration
•Capacity Management
Program Management
P
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•Conceptualization
•Architecture
•Definition (RFP, SLA…)
Project Development
•Bid Process Management
•Project Monitoring
•Quality Assurance
Project Management
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Program Management Overall Governance
Structure- at National level (proposed)
NEGAP Strategy Setting
National e-Governance
Advisory Board
(Chairman MCIT)
Cabinet/ CCEA
Project Approval
Programme
Monitoring
Working Group
(Chairman Secy DIT)
Programme Secretariat
Program Management Unit
Apex Committee
Expenditure
Finance
Committee
Project Owners
(Central Line Ministries
/ State Government)
Sub-Program
Committees
DIT
Project
Committees
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Proposed Institutional Framework – at State
level
State Government
State eGov Council (CM)
State Apex Committee (CS)
DIT
SeMT
Departmental
Committee
DeMT
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Sourcing Capacities - Options
Role
Council
Leadership &
Vision
Apex
Committee
Program
Development
SeMT
Program
Management
DeMT
Project
Development
Project
Management
Task
Source of Capacity
Within Govt.
Outside
Policy Formulation
Resource Commitment
50%
50%
eGov Roadmap
Prioritization
Frameworks/
Guidelines
75%
25%
30-50%
(tech +
domain)
50-70%
50%
(domain)
50%
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Monitoring Progress
Interagency
Collaboration
Capacity Management
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Conceptualization
Architecture
Definition
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Bid Process
Management
Project Monitoring
Quality Assurance
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Implications for the World Bank
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But is our client interested?
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Strategic intent of a Government is signaled by:
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Formally expressed interest
Active planning: documents are available and have
been discussed internally; ICT deployment is a part of
PRSPs; e-readiness assessment done e.g. through an
Infodev grant
Established government agency for ICT development
Strategy implementation already started
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Bank ICT Assistance Strategy
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Assistance must be country-specific depending on
government commitment and country e-readiness.
Given high risk of ICT investments, a careful
implementation strategy is a must
For laggard countries, target ‘low hanging fruit’ projects
with high visibility, quick impact and easy implementation.
For more advanced countries—i.e. have already
implemented pilots-- the Bank can help in scaling up
those systems that best fit within the CAS
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In the Bank , all types of public sector projects, have e-Gov in them
EGov???
Institutional Reform and
Capacity Building Projects
Really??
Improve administration structure
and processes, civil service
performance, public expenditure
management de-concentration ,
revenue collection and
accountability mechanisms.
?
Enhance efficiency of the
Government’s decision-making
process for public procurement and
Documentation flow.
Administration
Capacity
Building Projects
Civil Service Reform and
Modernization
Health
Systems
Modernization
Trade facilitation and market
access
Lay groundwork for
effective health sector
policy making &
monitoring
Supports improving the legal &
regulatory framework for public
financial management and new
Integrated IFMIS
Why is this important for the Bank?
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Conservatively more than 50% of our projects involve
significant investments in ICT
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Most ICT project components involve e-Government
initiatives
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Several countries envisioning comprehensive projects: eLanka, India’s e-Bharat, e-Vietnam, e-Ghana, e-Peru
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Several regions working on an ICT strategy (SAR, EAP)
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Most of our clients are investing in this area
anyway, it is better the Bank has a strategy to
manage that investment and get better/wider
impact from it
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Who provides this support?
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ISG – e-government practice – applications,
e-government strategies
GICT – telecom, policy, infrastructure, eagenda
Legal - legal frameworks
WBI – client training, distance learning
Regional units – AFTQK, ECSPE
Sectors – for domain knowledge especially
PREM
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Closing thoughts
A country’s e-government strategy will need to be
calibrated to the country's situation in terms of
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PC & Internet penetration, (adequate technological
infrastructure)
software development capabilities available locally,
literacy levels (both conventional & IT),
economic level (ability to pay),
Legal framework
languages prevalent, etc.
preparedness and commitment of political,
administrative and technical leadership.
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And Finally
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E-Govt is a multi year commitment. Even if technology can
be rapidly implemented organizational change takes time
and use patterns change even more slowly.
E-Government offers tremendous opportunities for
improving service delivery, efficiency and transparency in
government
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High risk of e-government projects require careful design
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Client countries increasingly require this type of assistance
from the World Bank
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Finally – while e-Govt is important it is a means to an end,
and not an end in and of itself (its about the ‘g’ and not
the ‘e’)
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Credits – Contributors and Reviewers
Contributors
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Government of India
- DIT
Åke Grönlund
Elisabet Rosengren
Seda Pahlavooni
Reviewers
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Subhash Bhatnagar
Mark Dutz
Tenzin Dolma
Norbhu
Joan McCalla
Eduardo Talero
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E-Government: Lessons of experience
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E-Government cannot perform as a substitute for
governance reform
E-Government must address the rural urban divide
Manage expectations: e-government is not a magic
bullet
Translating promises to benefits involves difficult
organizational changes.
There is no “one size fits all” strategy: the context
needs to be understood
Balance top direction and bottom up initiative
Avoid large failures; deliver early results
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E-Government: Lessons of experience
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Identify priority interventions that are capable of
exploring a country’s competitive advantage,
delivering cross-cutting positive impacts
Promote partnerships between government, private
sector, civil society and donors
Avoid technology focus: ensure complementary
investment; skills, organizational innovation and
incentives are crucial for making technology work
Emphasize training and capacity building
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Country Experiences: UK
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Focus on improving government services for citizens
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Priority on ‘high impact’ areas 
Take-up of services must be the key driver of investment and the key performance
indicator.
Create competitive pressure
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Open up electronic delivery of government services to the private and voluntary sectors.
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Do not make exclusive contracts for front-end delivery Ð avoid private sector
monopolies.
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Let electronic delivery compete with traditional delivery inside government.
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Make the Internet the backbone to ESD, but allow multiple entry routes.
Reward innovation, accept some failure
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Get going quickly, and keep learning from mistakes.
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Set ambitious goals, informed by citizen preferences.
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Begin with prototypes that can be built quickly and tested.
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Quickly scale up successful prototypes for launch.
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Be ruthless in weeding out unsuccessful government e-venture
Push for efficiency savings
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Wherever possible ESD should substitute rather than complement traditional delivery.
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Determine the trade-off between trust and income (e.g. advertising) for each service.
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Country Experiences
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- Australia
Agency e-government programs are more likely to be successful
when:
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Executive-level support has been obtained from the CEO and senior
agency staff
Agency staff are committed to the broader concepts of e-government
Recognition exists that people wish to deal with government through a
variety of channels, and service delivery strategies are tailored
accordingly
Potential awareness is heightened by promoting availability of online
programs to people
Legislation and authentication issues have been resolved
Confidence has been raised through electronic signatures
Models for effective inter-agency collaboration have been built and
proven
Momentum is maintained through better integration of enterprise, work,
information, application and technology architectures with and among
agencies
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Country Experiences - Canada
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Canada regularly surveys citizens and businesses about
their attitudes and needs--more so than any other
country.
Canada also actively markets its E-government services.
It advertises on TV and radio, ad in airline magazines
and newspapers to get citizens to use its portal
Canada, like many nations, has a national CIO, given
the necessary muscle to drive standards and create a
common E-government offering
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Country Experiences - Singapore
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To pull down silos, you need a big stick
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Vision of "many agencies, one government" became mantra
The Ministry of Finance was sole authority in approving funding
for e-government projects
IDA managed central IT and telecom infrastructure and defined
national policy, standards and procedures
All e-services followed same security, electronic payment and
data exchange mechanisms, by regulatory and policy mandate
While Internet technology was an enabler, people made it
happen, through strong e-leadership  Deputy prime minister
launched the plan in 2000 "to be a leading e-government to
better serve the nation in the digital economy."
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New Zealand e-Government Architecture
Sri Lanka e-Government Architecture
India e-Government Architecture
Australia e-Government Architecture