Transcript Document 7213476

ASHRAE Technology:
Sustainable
Applications
A Review of Successful
Applications of
Innovative Design
“Sustainability is no longer just a
topic for discussion but rather a
serious global concern. It is now
time for definitive technical
guidance, innovative engineering
applications and leading-edge
research to be initiated as the
principal focus of a global
technical organization.
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Energy resources are limited
Man is adversely affecting the
global climate due to measured
increases in global temperatures
and CO2 levels at rates which are
exceeding past projections
We have a duty and
responsibility to provide a
sustainable future
ASHRAE
Technology Awards
Designs in winning projects
illustrate that technology
already exists to help solve the
global warming crisis
 Communicates innovative
designs to fellow members
 Highlights technological
achievements
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What Are
We Looking For?
Energy efficiency – Standard
90.1
 Indoor air quality – Standard
62.1
 Thermal comfort – Standard 55
 Innovation
 Operation and maintenance
 Cost effectiveness
 Environmental impact
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What Are
We Looking For?
Commercial buildings (new and
existing)
 Institutional buildings
 Health care facilities
 Industrial facilities or processes
 Public assembly facilities
 Residential buildings
 Alternative or renewable energy
use
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Creating Synergies for
Sustainable Design
Mountain Equipment Coop –
Montreal
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Geo-exchange system using groundsource heat pumps
Radiant slabs for heating and cooling
Combination hybrid ventilation
system
Dedicated outdoor air unit
High performance envelope
Natural lighting
Thermal energy storage with night
pre-cooling and –heating
Heat recovery from exhausted air
Rain water harvesting
Mountain Equipment Coop (MEC)
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Building
* 45,000 Sq. Ft.
* 2-Story, Open Space Retail
* Office Spaces
* Storage Areas
* Small Coffee Shop
* Target = 50% Savings of
Energy over Code
Geothermal System
12 – 575 foot deep wells
 Eight water-to-water HPs
 Htg & Clg Systems = Radiant
Slabs
 Parallel Pumps for Natural Slab
Cooling with well water
 Minimized Metallic Duct Mat’l
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Hybrid & Dedicated Ventilation
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Hybrid – Underground Tunnels
* Fans, Filters & Perimeter Supply
* Vertical Ventilation Shafts
* Roof Peak Exhaust Vents
* 50,000 CFM
Dedicated – Heat or Dehumidify
* Energy Recovery Unit
* 6,000 CFM
CO2 Sensors in Bldg Exhaust
Natural Lighting
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2nd Floor Retail Areas
* Roof Monitor & Clearstory
Windows
* Sensors Control Artificial Ltg
* Total Installed Ltg = 1.3
W/Sq.Ft. (90.1 = 1.9 W/SF)
* ½ Year’s Ltg
Building Envelope
Walls = R35 (90.1 = R11)
 Roof = R40 (90.1 = R16)
 Windows = High Performance
Double-Glazed, Low-e, U-factor
= 0.3
 Window Shading
 Low or No-VOC Materials
 Flooring = Bare Concrete
w/protective finish
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Operation & Maintenance
Automatic Switching Between
Htg & Clg Modes, Hybrid &
DOAS Systems, Natural & GeoBased HVAC System Operation
 System Weather Forecast Input
 Remote Monitor of Performance
 All Units Easily Accessed
 No Water or Mold Problems
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Environmental Impact
HPs – R-407c (HFC & 0 ODP)
 Bldg Reduced Emissions = 400
Tons/yr CO2
 Water-Conserving Plbg System
 Roof Water – Toilets & Irrigation
 Domestic Water Savings =
300,000 Gal/yr
 67% of Construction Wastes
Recycled
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Performing Arts
and Aquatic Centers
Allegan, Mich., High School
Performing Arts Center
and Natatorium
Cost-effective design with major
annual energy and operational
cost savings
 Theater chiller system size
reduced
 Installation cost of fabric
ductwork 30 percent less than
chemical resistant fiberglass and
20 percent less than fieldapplied coated galvanized
ductwork
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Building Description
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23,700 Sq. Ft Natatorium
* Competition & Leisure Pools,
Showers, Locker Rooms & Support
Areas
30,000 Sq. Ft. Theater
* 75 Foot High Loft
* Theater Support Areas
Precise Temperature & Humidity
Control Year-Around
Adequate Ventilation
Acoustic Concerns
Energy Efficiency
ERVs – Pool & Lockers
* Recover 60%
 Energy Recovery Dehumidification Units – Pools
 Variable Flow Hot Water Htg
 Fully Modulating Boilers
 UAD in Auditorium
 CO2 Control of Ventilation
 EMS/DDC System Control
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Indoor Air Quality
Theater:
* Max Velocity = 50 FPM
* Displacement Ventilation
* Multiple Supply Elevations &
Low Return Locations
 Natatorium & Lockers
* ERVs & 6 ACH
* Fabric Ducts
* Multiple Filters
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Innovation
UAD in Theater
 CO2 Sensor Control of O/A
 Lobby – Reverse-Return finned
Tube Radiation at Glazing
 Lockers – Energy Recovery of
O/A & Individual Temp Control
 Natatoriums – Reverse-Return
Finned Tube Radiation at Glazing
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Innovation
Heating Plants – Fully
Modulating, Low NOX Burners
* Var. Freq Unit Matches
Boiler’s Combustion Air Usage
* Boilers – Variable Flow
 Operation & Maintenance
* Ample Room for Maintenance
* EMS – Prev. Maint.
Schedules
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Underfloor for
High-Tech Campus
Des Moines Area Community College
new technology classroom
HVAC system reduced energy
costs by 43 percent
 Energy savings measures
resulted in $88,000 construction
incentive rebate from local
utility company
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Geothermal heat pump and energy
recovery ventilators
 High efficiency glass
 Occupancy sensors
 daylighting
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Building Information
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56,000 Sq. Ft. – Expandable to
125,000 Sq. Ft.
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Classrooms w/wireless equip.
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Raised Floor & UAD
Energy Efficiency & IAQ
Geo-HVAC (4 Acre Pond)
+ 2-stage HPs
+ Variable-speed Pumps
 Daylighting & Ltg. dimmers
 ERVs (75% exhaust recovery)
 DDC – Occupancy & CO2
Sensors
 High Efficiency Filters
 Displacement Ventilation
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Innovation
UAD w/Downflow HPs
 Variable Air Vol. Floor Diffusers
 In-floor Radiant Htg. (Common
Areas)
 Modular HP System/Area
 DDC – System Alarms
 Maintenance Within Bldg.
 No Boilers, CTs or Outside Eqmt.
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Energy-Efficient
Laboratory Design
Concordia University Science Complex
Montreal
50 percent more efficient than
the Model National Energy Code
of Canada for Buildings
 Building salvation and energy
savings equal to 2,250 tons of
CO2
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Building Information
345,000 Sq. Ft. L-shaped
Science Complex (2 Sub-Bsmts
& 6 Floors)
 Academic & Research Labs,
Classrooms & Offices
 250 Fume Hoods
 150,000 Sq. Ft. – R&D Wet Labs
 480,000 CFM Supply & O/A
(25,000 CFM – 100% O/A)
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Energy Efficiency
High Efficiency HVAC Eqmt.
 Energy Recovery = Run-around
Glycol Loop
 Motion Detectors for Ltg, HVAC
& O/A Control
 Variable Freq. Drives – All Fans
& Motors
 Boiler Stack, Chiller Condenser
& Heat Recovery Chillers – Low
Temp Water Htg. (Reheat)
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IAQ & Thermal Comfort
Motion Sensors -> Ventilation
Rate Strategies
 VAV w/Terminal Re-heat
 Steam Humidifiers
 Draw-thru Type HVAC Systems
 Media-less Silencers
 2-stage Filtration 30% & 85%
 Intake & Exhaust Stacks – Noise
Protection for Neighborhood
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Innovation
Combination of “Dedicated” &
Centralized Systems (6 –
80,000 CFM Systems)
 Motion Sensors – Ltg. & HVAC
Sys.
 EMCS Monitor of Fume Hoods
 Efficient Window Glazing &
Perim. Linear Floor Grilles
 Remote Access & Monitoring
 Neutralization Tank - Labs
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From Brownfield to
Sustainability Showcase
Chicago Center for Green Technology
75 percent less energy
consumption over typical office
buildings in Chicago
 Uses 45 percent less energy
than 90.1-2000 without
photovoltaic credit
 Uses 60 percent less energy
with the credit
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Building Information
34,000 Sq. Ft.
 Multi-use Bldg. on a Brownfield
Site
 Rooftop Garden & Rainwater
Harvesting
 Recharging Stations in Garage
 Offices, Education Facility, Hightech Factory, Interpretive Center
& “Garden in the City”
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Mechanical Systems
6 Air-to-Water HPs (45 Ton)
 DOAS w/Energy Recovery
 O/A Control = Occupancy
Sensors
 Geo Field = 28 – 200’ Bores
 Back-up = Boilers & CTs
 DDC w/Lighting Occupancy, CO2
Monitoring & Elec. Demand
Control
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Energy Efficiency
Bldg Envelope – Highly
Insulated, Low-e Glazing
w/shading
 Daylighting & Electronic
Dimmable Ballasts (25%
Savings)
 Run-Around Heat Recovery Loop
 Geo-HVAC System
 EMS Control of All Systems
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Indoor Air Quality
Natural Ventilation (Op.
Windows & Mult. Exh. Fans)
 Displacement Ventilation
 High Efficiency Filtration
 No- & Low-VOC Materials
 CO2, Temperature & Humidity
Levels Monitored w/EMS
 No Occupant Complaints
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Innovation
Geo-HVAC System w/Redundant
Components
 Displacement Ventilation
 UAD & Underground Ductwork
 PV Panels – External Shading
devices (71KW of 100 KW
Demand)
 Occupancy Control & Load
Shedding = Min. Peak Demand
 Water Saving Technologies
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Innovation
Rainwater Storage – Irrigation
 Low-flow Toilets & Showers
 Site Run-off to Landscape
 No CFCs or HCFCs in Materials
 Elevators – Canola Oil in
Hydraulics
 Geo-HVAC – Propylene Glycol
 Garden Roof – Reduces Heat
Island Effect & Cleans O/A
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Operation & Management
All Components Serviceable &
Located Inside Bldg.
 Low Maintenance or Simple
Maintenance Components
 Commissioning Plan Ensured
Correct Installation
 Maintenance Staff Training
 Post Commissioning & Op. Proc.
Verification
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Sustainability Built
Into Big Rock Ranch
George Lucas’ Big Rock Ranch
Marin County, California
Energy cost savings of $214,000
 Simple payback of 4.2 years for
geothermal heat exchanger
 37.7 percent less energy use
than California’s Title 24 Energy
Standards
 Qualified for $100,000 in utility
incentives
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Building Information
184,400 Sq. Ft.
 Offices, Commons & Screening
Rooms
 Walls & Roof = R-19
 Low-e Glass (U=0.40 & SHGC =
0.29)
 No Natural Gas & Limited Water
Supply
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HVAC Systems
VAV Air Handlers
 2 – 240 Ton Helical Screw
Chillers (60% of Load)
 3 – 96 Ton HPs (Hot Water Htg)
 Geo Bore-field = 288 Bores @
400’ Depth
 Chilled Water Pumps = VFDs
 UAD & Displacement Vent.
 HW Windowsill = Perim. Htg.
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Indoor Air Quality
Superior IAQ – Required Criteria
 CO2 Sensors Control of O/A
 Concrete Underfloor Plenums
 AHUs – High Efficiency Filters
 AHUs – Sloped, Self Drain Pans
 Space Provided for Periodic
Cleaning of Coils & Pans
 (+) & (-) Pressure Areas
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Innovation
Geo-Loop w/Chillers
 No RTUs, Natural Gas, Evap.
Water Supply & Quiet Systems
 “Active Flow Controls” w/Mod.
By-pass Avoided Min. Chiller
Flows
 Geo-Loop Heat Recovery
w/Water Side Economizer –
Bldgs Heated w/110 Deg.F
Water
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Environmental Impact
Elimination of CTs – No Water or
Chemical Treatments
 No Sox or NOx Production
 Reduction of CO2 = 766,350
lbs/yr
 No Threat if Geo System Leaked
 Geo Loop Life = 50 – 100 Yrs
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Sustainable Design for
Circus Big Top
TOHU’s Chapiteau des arts
Due to waste heat use,
reduction of greenhouse gas
emissions of more than 300
tons per year
 Electricity obtained from hydro
and produces almost no
greenhouse gas
 28 percent less energy use than
model code building
 64 percent less energy use
compared to 90.1
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Building Information
40,000 Sq. Ft.
 Offices, Lobby & Auditorium
 Passive Solar Design – Trombe
South Wall
 Solar Blinds & Shades
 Bio-gas Wasted Heat
 Water Efficient Fixtures
 Natural & Hybrid Ventilation
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Passive Solar Design
Walls = Precast Concrete
w/Insulation Inside
+ Minimize Inside Structure
+ Sound Insulation
+ Thermal Mass
 Trombe Wall – Full Htg. Cap. In
February
 Solar Blinds & Shades
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Bio-Gas Wasted Heat
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Waste Heat from Power Plant
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Power Plant Burns Landfill
Methane
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Turbine Cooling Water – Space
& O/A Htg.
Natural & Hybrid Ventilation
Underground Duct + Htg & Clg
Coils
 Displacement Vent @ Top of
Auditorium Seats and Bottom of
Walls
 Discharge = Exhaust Chimney
 Heat Recovery Coil = Pre-cond.
O/A
 Supplement Clg – Thermal
Storage (Ice Storage)
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O&M, Environmental Impact
Minimum Maintenance Req’d
 DDC Alarms
 Integrated Bldg. Design = 10%
Reduction in 1st Cost
 CO2 Reduction = 300 Tons/Yr
 20% of Electricity From Hydro
 Minimum Ductwork Req’d
 1st Green Circus Arts Concert
Hall
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Festival Walk
Building Information
Gross Area = 1,220,000 ft2, 7Story facility in Hong Kong with
over 200 shops, 27 restaurants,
11-screen cinema multiplex,
220,000 ft2 of offices and 850
space parking garage.
 Total Cooling Load = 6,400 Tons
 Air-cooled Condensers
converted to Water-cooled
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Mechanical Systems
Chiller System = Decoupled Bypass System
 Five 1,600 Tons Centrifugal and
One 400 Ton Chiller (Night
Duty)
 Air Handling Units & Fan Coil
Units (Total Capacity > Chiller
Capacity)
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Original Chiller Control Logic
PROBLEMS
 Riser Temp Incr = Chiller Addns
 “Hunting” of Chillers
 Chillers ran at low % Loadings
 Tenants set thermostats low –
valves always fully open
 Large Capacity Difference of
AHUs & Chillers
 Low CHWR Temperatures
New Chiller Control Logic
Deficit Flow > Preset Limit =
Add’nl CHW Pump
 Chiller Add’n only when true
load is confirmed by:
+ % FLA of Running Chillers
+ Avg. Lvg CHW Temp
+ Amt of Deficit Flow @ Bypass
+ Actual Bldg Load
+ Running Avg of Bldg Load
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Measurement & Verification Plan
OBJECTIVES
1) Find Freq. of Plant in ‘Save’
Mode -# Pumps = # Chillers +
1
‘Normal’ Mode - # Pumps = #
Chillers
2) Chiller Eff. Incr. w/Higher % of
Part Load
KW/T by Regression Model
using % Loading & Cond. EWT
Measurement & Verification Plan
3) Find $avings/yr
‘Virtual’ Mode (Ideal) vs ‘ Save’
Mode for Chiller & Chiller Plant
4) Find Incr. of Chiller Part Load
Average %s
‘Normal’ & ‘Virtual’ Modes vs
‘Normal’ & ‘Save’ Modes
Measurement & Verification Plan
5) Find Incr. in Chiller Overall
Heat Transfer Performance
Evaporator Overall H.T. plotted
against % Part-load
Results & Findings
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Plant @ ‘Save’ Mode 14.5% Annually
KW/Ton Drops w/Incr. % Loading
Chiller Operating Efficiency Incr. =
1.9% (Total Plant = 435,000
KWH/yr)
Increased Avg. Part Load
Incr. in Evap. Overall H.T. Coef.
(‘Save’ Mode) due to Incr. CHW Flow
Rates
Results & Findings
Reduce CO2 Emissions =
575,400 Lb/yr
 Extend Chiller Plant life due to
reduced operating hours
 No Additional Capital
Investment Required
 No Impact to Indoor
Environment
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Compuware
Building Information
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1,030,000 Sq.Ft, 16-Story
Office Bldg with Office space for
4,000 employees, 8,000 Sq.Ft.
Data Center, 14-Story waterfall,
60,000 Sq.Ft. Retail Space,
38,000 Sq.Ft. Fitness Center,
Day Care, 18 Classrooms, Full
Service Cafeteria & Kitchen and
12-story Parking Deck
Energy Efficiency
UFAD System w/VAV, Low Temp.
(46 Deg.F) Primary Air
 Each Floor – Vertical Fan/Mixing
Units (VFMU)
 R/A (78 – 80 Deg.F) from
Ceiling Plenum
 Displacement Ventilation
 Occupant Sensor Control of
HVAC & Bldg. Mgmt. System
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IAQ & Thermal Comfort
OA Control – Airflow Meas.
Stations in ea. Primary AHU
 Ea. Office has adjustable
diffusers
 Humidity Control – ea. AHU
 Reduced “draftiness”
 Fan-powered Boxes – Perimeter
Heating System
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O & M and Innovation
Redundancy of Primary AHUs
 Spare Chiller
 Commissioning Process –
Trained Owner’s Facility Staff
 UFAD System – Ease to Modify
Space Layouts
 Low-temp Primary Air = Cost
Reductions for AHUs & Duct
Mains
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Results & Findings
Total Extra 1st Cost = $99,500
 Annual Cost $avings =
$160,500 (7 mo. Payback)
 2,276,610 KWH/yr = Reduced
Emissions from Power Plant
 Project – Reuse of an Urban
Brownfield
 Superior IEQ = Occupant
Satisfaction
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Dallas Semiconductor Mfg. Facility
Bldg. & Process Information
50 Million Sq.Ft. Mfg. Complex
 Replacement Boiler Plant:
+ 210 psi sat. steam (99.5%)
+ Steam Flow Range = 50,000
– 225,000 lb/hr (Annual Total =
700 million lb/yr
+ Four 75,000 lb/hr Water-tube
2-Drum, Pressure-fired Boilers
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Project Features
Clean Rooms
+ “Runaround” MUA Pre-cooling
& Pre-heating of 1,200,000 CFM
= $300,000/yr Fuel $avings
 City Water Preheating
+ Three Chillers Aux.
Condensers Preheat 2,550 GPM
at Deionization Plants =
$510,000/yr Fuel $avings
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Project Features
Combustion Air Preheating
+ Exhaust Stack P/F H/Es =
$113,000/yr Fuel $avings
 Boiler Feedwater Preheating
+ Finned-tube H/E in Exhaust
Stack of Gas Turbine in Central
Utility Plant = $132,000/yr Fuel
$avings
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Project Features
Combustion Air Blowing
+ Four 150 HP Boiler Forced
Draft Fans with Var. Speed
Drives and Modulation (Maintain
5% Excess Air) = $10,900/yr
Fuel $avings
 Boiler Feedwater Pumping
+ Making Three 125 HP Pumps
w/Variable-speed Motors =
$25,600/yr $avings
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Project Features
Boiler Makeup Water Preheating
+ H/E in Surface Blowdown of 4
Steam Boilers Preheat 6,750
lb/hr M/U water = $12,000/yr
Fuel $avings
 Outdoor Air Quality
+ High Efficiency Boilers w/10:1
Turn-down & No Flue Gas
Recirculation
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Summary of Results
Increases in Efficiencies =
Reduction in NOx of 17,800
lb/yr
 Total Cost for Improvements =
$1,369,000
 Total Fuel $avings =
$1,303,500/yr (ROI = 95%)
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How Do I Enter?
Contest begins at chapter level
– due late February
 Entries for regional level due
May 15
 www.ashrae.org/cttc
 Complete listing of ASHRAE
Journal articles on award
winners at
www.ashrae.org/journal
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