Transcript Document 7184894

The Religion of Islam
Symbol of Islam
• The crescent moon is a
common symbol of
Islam. Muslims believe
that when Muhammad
received his first
revelation, the moon was
in its last stage,
appearing as a waning
crescent.
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What percent of the population of
the Middle East practice Islam?
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
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Islam
Christianity
Judaism
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Followers
• Islam
– True Meaning: Means submission to the will of
God
• Followers are called Muslims.
– True meaning: Person who submits.
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Holy Book
• Holy Book is called the Koran- Qur'an
– Contains revelations God made to
Muhammad.
– The Koran contains both Old and New
Testaments
– Written in Arabic, the sacred language.
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Religious Figures
• Muhammad is the key figure.
• Abraham, Jesus, and Moses
were prophets (messengers
of God’s word).
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Beliefs
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Belief in one god, God of Abraham.
Arabic is the Sacred language
Men can have up to four wives.
Do not drink alcohol or eat pork
Main goal is to live a good moral life.
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Role of Women
• The role of women varies depending on the country.
• Israel, Egypt, and Jordan: women are well educated and
hold positions in business, politics, and military.
• Other countries have extreme restrictions for women
including Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Afghanistan
• In Saudi Arabia, women have fewer rights than men
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Can’t drive
Four wives
Can’t attend events with men
Male family members must escort in public
Can’t work outside the home
Women must wear chadors
Clothing requirements are LAW.
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Worship Services
• Place of worship is a mosque
• Services are held on Fridays and lead by an
imam
• Imams are selected according to good
character and religious knowledge
• The most important worship service is held
Friday at noon
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Five Pillars
• The declaration of Faith:
Click to
hear the
call to
prayer
– The statement of faith must be declared publicly “ That Allah is
one and Muhammad is his Messenger”
• Pray five times per day, always facing Mecca
– One at sunrise, Noon, 3 pm, sunset, 9 pm
• Giving of alms, or charity.
– 2.5% of wealth
• Fast during the holy month of Ramadan
– You are not allowed to eat anything from sunrise to sunset
– Ends with Eid-al-Fitr
– Once in a life time, any Muslim who could afford the journey was
expected to make pilgrimages
• Hajj, or pilgrimage to Mecca
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Holy Cities
• Mecca: the birthplace of
Muhammad
• Jerusalem: Dome of the Rock
• Medina: Burial place of
Muhammad
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After Death
• Goal is to live with God’s guidance which
will be rewarded with salvation.
• The opposite is damnation, or eternal
suffering in hell.
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Number of Members today
• 1.3 billion people out of the world
populations of 6.1 billion practices the
religion of Islam.
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The Spread of Islam
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Caliph
• The caliphate empire created a vast trading
system.
• Islam was spread through books that were
exchanged along trade routes during the
caliph empire.
• The caliphs conquered Spain and spread
Islam throughout.
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The Ottoman Empire
• Muslim empire that conquered many areas
and spread Islam. They controlled what
is now Turkey and parts of North Africa,
Southwest Asia, and Southeast Europe.
• Rulers of the Ottoman Empire were called
sultans, which is a term for Muslim leaders.
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Suleiman I:
• The Magnificent. He turned Constantinople
(present day Istanbul) into the center of a
vast Muslim Empire.
• He gained success by establishing a code a
laws, tolerance for other religions,
advanced weapons, and love of arts and
culture.
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Sects
• Sunni- majority
• Shi’ite- minority
• These two groups share most beliefs, but
differ over the issue of leadership.
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