Transcript Personal Health: Dental Health Ch. 7, Lesson 2

Ch. 7, Lesson 2
Personal Health:
Dental Health
Group #5: Imelda Charles, Nikia James,
Maria Thompson, & Gabriella Wrves-Cartaya
Demographics
•Elementary School
•5th Graders
–Males & Females
–Ages 10-11 years
•46 students
Anatomy of a Tooth
•Crown
•Gum line
•Root
•Enamel
•Dentin
•Pulp
Crown
•Crown— the top part of the tooth, and
the only part you can normally see. The
shape of the crown determines the
tooth's function. For example, front
teeth are sharp and chisel-shaped for
cutting, while molars have flat surfaces
for grinding.
Gum line
• Gum line— where the tooth and
the gums meet. Without proper
brushing and flossing, plaque and
tartar can build up at the gum line,
leading to gingivitis and gum
disease
Root
•Root— the part of the tooth that
is embedded in bone. The root
makes up about two-thirds of the
tooth and holds the tooth in place.
Enamel
•Enamel— the outermost layer of the
tooth. Enamel is the hardest, most
mineralized tissue in the body — yet
it can be damaged by decay if teeth
are not cared for properly.
Dentin
•Dentin— the layer of the tooth under
the enamel. If decay is able to progress
its way through the enamel, it next
attacks the dentin — where millions of
tiny tubes lead directly to the dental
pulp.
Pulp
•Pulp— the soft tissue found in the
center of all teeth, where the nerve
tissue and blood vessels are. If tooth
decay reaches the pulp, you usually feel
pain.
Types of Teeth
• Incisors— the sharp, chiselshaped front teeth (four upper,
four lower) used for cutting food.
• Canines— sometimes called
cuspids, these teeth are shaped
like points (cusps) and are used for
tearing food.
Types of Teeth Cont.
• Premolars— these teeth have two
pointed cusps on their biting
surface and are sometimes referred
to as bicuspids. The premolars are
for crushing and tearing.
• Molars— used for grinding, these
teeth have several cusps on the
biting surface
Types of Teeth
•A: Incisors
•B: Canines
•C: Premolars
•D: Molars
Activity
• Our Teeth
– Match the name with the correct
teeth.
• Create your own Mouth
• Good oral hygiene results in a
mouth that looks and smells
healthy. This means:
– Your teeth are clean and free of
debris
– Gums are pink and do not hurt or
bleed when you brush or floss
– Bad breath is not a constant problem
American Dental
Association
• Recommends…
– Brushing your teeth twice a day with
an ADA-accepted fluoride toothpaste
– Clean between teeth daily with floss.
– Eat a balanced diet and limit
between-meal snacks
– Visit your dentist regularly
What is Plaque?
• Your teeth are covered with a sticky
film of bacteria called plaque.
– Some types of plaque cause tooth
decay (cavities)
– Other types of plaque cause gum
disease.
• Dental plaque is difficult to see unless
it’s stained.
Plaque Continued….
•Sugary foods are
not only to blame.
•Starches, such as
bread & cereal, also
cause acids to form.
•If you snack often,
your teeth may be
prone to decay.
Plaque Cont.
• Plaque also produces substances
that irritate the gums, making
them red, tender or bleed easily.
• In fact, periodontal (gum)
disease is a main cause of tooth
loss in adults.
Dental Disease Facts
• Although dental caries is largely
preventable, it remains the most
common chronic disease of children
aged 5 to 17 years – five times more
common than asthma.
• 6 out of 10 children in the US have one
or more decayed or filled primary teeth
by age five.
What is a Cavity?
•A cavity develops when a tooth decays
or breaks down.
•A cavity is a hole that can grow bigger
and deeper over time.
•Cavities are also called dental caries,
and if you have a cavity,
it's important to
get it repaired.
Cavities Continued….
• Left untreated, the plaque produces
acids that eat holes through the
enamel into the underlying dentin
and pulp layers of the tooth.
• This does cause pain and left
untreated the cavity will eventually
destroy dentin, pulp and tooth nerve.
Gum Disease
•Is also known as Periodontal Disease.
•It includes gingivitis & periodontitis.
• Periodontal disease is a chronic bacterial
infection that affects the gums and bone
supporting the teeth.
•It begins when the bacteria
in plaque causes the gums to
become inflamed.
Gingivitis
• In the mildest form of the disease,
gingivitis, the gums redden, swell and
bleed easily.
• There is usually little or no discomfort.
• It is often caused by inadequate oral
hygiene.
• It is reversible with professional
treatment and good oral home care.
Periodontitis
• Untreated gingivitis can advance to
periodontitis. With time, plaque can
spread and grow below the gum line.
• Gums separate from the teeth,
forming spaces between the teeth
and gums that become infected.
Periodontitis Continued...
• As the disease progresses, the
pockets deepen and more gum
tissue and bone are destroyed.
• Often, periodontitis has very mild
symptoms.
• Eventually, teeth can become loose
and may have to be removed.
Causes of Gum Disease
•The main cause of periodontal
disease is bacterial plaque.
•However other factors affect the
health of the gums such as:
–Genetics
–Stress
–Poor Nutrition
–Clenching/Grinding your teeth
Importance of
Brushing & Flossing
•The purpose of
both brushing and
flossing is to
reduce the number
of bacteria which
inhabit our
mouths.
Brushing Your Teeth
Flossing Your Teeth
Choosing the Right
Products
• Toothbrush
– Small-headed, soft-bristled
– The best toothbrush is one that fits
your mouth and allows you to reach
all teeth easily.
• You can also use a powered
toothbrush
– Should be changed every 3 months
•Toothpaste
–When buying toothpaste look for
one that contains fluoride and
tastes good. Some toothpastes
also are approved by the American
Dental Association (ADA).
•Mouthwash & Fluoride
–Mouthwash freshens
breath, but does nothing to clean
teeth.
–Fluoride mouth rinse coats teeth with
fluoride, which helps prevent cavities
–It is typically used once or twice a
day if you are cavity prone.
• Floss
– There are 2 types of floss: Nylon &
PTFE (monofilament) floss
– Single filament (PTFE) floss slides
easily between teeth, even those with
tight spaces between teeth.
– When used properly, both types of
floss are excellent at removing plaque
and debris.
Choosing the Right
Foods
Dentist Visits
• Most visits are checkups which should
be done every 6 months.
• Checkups include a complete cleaning
• Using special instruments, a dentist
will scrape below the gumline,
removing built-up plaque & tartar
that can cause gum disease, cavities,
bad breath & other problems.
Dental Visits Continued…
•Your dentist will perform a thorough
examination of your mouth.
•His/her goal is to help maintain your
good oral health and to prevent problems
from becoming serious, by identifying and
treating them as soon as possible.
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
Total of Children
Ages 2-17 who have
visited the dentist
1997
2002
2003
ADA.org: To Tell the Tooth