Transcript Chapter 1, Section 2

SPONGE
Growth and
Development, Day 2
3. Name a challenge that you or your
friends have faced while growing
into a young adult?
4. Besides physically, what is
another way that you develop
while you are a teen?
Growth and
Development
Section 2
Childhood and
Adolescent
Development
The Growth Years
• The first years of your life until the teenage years
are a time of growth – not just physical growth
either.
• There are five stages in life before adulthood:
(and there is growth at each of these stages.)
1. Infancy: Babies grow three times as large at
this time (the first year of life.) This is also a
time of developing trust. An infant whose needs
go unmet will become fearful of people.
2. Early childhood: Between the ages of 1 and 3,
children learn to walk and talk. This stage is a
time of learning through exploring. Parents
must not smother children at this age so they
can develop confidence.
The Growth Years
3. Childhood takes place between
the ages of 3 and 5. At this age
children’s imaginations develop
and kids also begin to copy what
they see adults do.
• They also begin to ask questions
non-stop. Parents that approve of
a child’s behavior will help the
child learn to be creative. Parents
who are impatient with them will
often times send a message that
creativity is bad.
The Growth Years
4. Late childhood is the
age between 6 and 11
years old.
• Children at this age like to
create things and be
rewarded for good work.
• Children who are scolded
for creative activities may
begin to feel worthless.
• A child who fails in any of
these stages can succeed
at later stages, but it will
be more difficult later on.
The Growth Years
5. Adolescence is the
time of life between
childhood and
adulthood.
• People go through
adolescence around the
ages from 12 to 15.
• During adolescence
your body is flooded
with hormones that
cause rapid changes to
your body.
Physical Growth
• Adolescence begins with
puberty, the time when
you begin to develop
certain traits of adults of
your gender.
• Girls will typically undergo
changes earlier than boys,
though there is no exact
time for anyone to hit
puberty.
Physical Growth
• Changes that take
place during puberty
include:
– Growth spurts
– Acne appears
– Permanent teeth fill in
– Perspiration
increases
– Genital growth
– Body hair begins to
grow
Physical Growth
– Females specifically:
•
•
•
•
Will experience their first period.
Ovulation will begin
Hips will widen
Many girls will feel uncomfortable with their new body.
Physical Growth
• Males specifically
will
– Grow facial hair
– Adam’s apple will
grow
• Voices will crack
– Shoulders will
broaden
– Muscles develop
– Sperm production
begins
Physical Health
• It is more important to take care of your body
during adolescence than at any other time.
• Skin is a major body organ just like the brain or
heart. It can be a problem during puberty.
• Skin has several jobs:
– Protects you from water
– Defends you from germs
– Helps control your body temperature
– It acts as a sense organ (touch)
Skin
• Parts of the skin include…
– Epidermis: The outermost layer of skin cells
– Dermis: The inner layer of skin that
contains…
• Oil glands that keep the skin soft and waterproof.
• Sweat glands release perspiration to cool the
body.
• During puberty both of these glands go crazy and
make skin extra oily.
• How do you keep your skin healthy?
Skin Problems
• Pimples: A clogged pore that
becomes infected.
• Warts: Small growths on the skin
caused by a virus.
• Boils: Infections with swelling,
redness and a build-up of pus.
• Herpes simplex I: A cold sore near
the lips.
Teeth
• Because all of your teeth are permanent by
the time you reach adolescence, it is
important to start taking better care of them.
• There are five types of teeth:
– Incisors: Cut into and tear food.
– Canines: Grasp and tear food
– Premolars: Chew and grind food
– Molars: Chew and grind food
– Wisdom Teeth: Probably from when humans had
larger jaws and ate tougher meals.
Teeth
Word Bank:
• Canines
• Incisors
• Molars
• Premolars
Parts of the Tooth
• Crown: The part visible to the eye.
• Root: The part under the gums.
• Each tooth also has four types of tissue…
– Pulp is the soft sensitive tissue containing blood
vessels and nerves.
– Dentin is bonelike material surrounding the pulp.
– Cementum is thin, bonelike material that covers
the root.
– Enamel is the hard material that covers the crown
of a tooth.
Caring for
Your Mouth
• Bacteria living in your mouth create a soft white
goo called plaque. When plaque combines with
sugar it becomes an acid that destroys tooth
enamel.
• Tartar: If plaque is left alone for more than a day
it hardens, becoming tartar, which is much harder
to get rid of.
• Gingivitis: Plaque or decaying food caught in your
teeth causes your gums to bleed and swell.
• How can you prevent these problems?
Eyes
• Vision gradually fades after adolescence, but
eyesight will become especially bad if you...
– Are in front of a screen for too long (videogames,
TV, computers, iPods, etc.)
– Read in the dark.
– Have a poor diet lacking in vitamins.
• Parts of the eye include:
– Pupil: The black opening that controls how much
light comes in the eye.
– Iris: The colored part of the eye.
– Lens: Sits behind the pupil and focuses the light so
you can see clearly.
Eye Cells
• There are two main types of
nerve endings located in your
retina that allow you to see
called rods and cones:
– Rods: Do not see in color, but
do see well in dark light.
Allow you to see out the
corner of your eye.
– Cones: Work better in
brighter lighting and do see
color. Work best looking at
things straight in front of you.
Protecting Your Hearing
• Like vision, hearing will naturally fade as you
grow older, but you can permanently damage
your hearing by being exposed to extra loud
noises (music, power tools, etc.)
• There are three main parts of the ear:
– The Outer Ear: The fleshy part on the outside
of the head.
– The Middle Ear: Contains the eardrum (a thin
membrane that vibrates when sound hits it.)
– The Labyrinth (Inner Ear): Turns sound into a
message for your brain to understand and
controls your balance.
Mental
Growth
• Thinking abilities also develop
during the early teen years.
• Adolescents can solve life’s more
complex problems and stop seeing
the world as only black and white.
• Your emotions also go through
changes:
– Mood swings will occur due to the
increased hormones that help your
body grow.
– At this age you start to think of
others as complex individuals
instead of just “others.” For
example, you will be more likely to
care about a friend who has a
problem.
– Interest in the opposite gender. Not
only being attracted, but also
becoming friends.
Social Growth
• Adolescents face many
developmental tasks.
• Examples of developmental tasks
will face include:
teens
– Accepting your body and its characteristics.
– Becoming a more independent person.
– Forming more mature relationships with both boys and
girls your age.
– Learning more about who you are.
– Developing your own values.
– Learning to solve problems in adult ways.