Transcript MDA Chapter 17

MDA
Chapter 17
Oral Pathology
• Pathology;
– Study of diseases in the oral cavity
– Diagnosed by a Dentist or Doctor
• Final diagnosis (from)
– Historical, clinical, radiographic, lab, surgical, therapeutic,
microscopic and differential findings
– Dental Assistants should be able to:
• Recognize the difference between normal and
abnormal conditions
Terms
• What is meant by Malignancy
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• What is meant by Benign
–?
• What is a tumor?
–?
Oral Lesions
• Lesions
– Broad term for abnormal tissues in the oral cavity
– Below mucosal surfaces
• Ulcer, erosion, abscess
– Above mucosal surfaces
• Blisters (vesicles), pustule, hematoma, plaque
– Even with mucosal surface
• Chymosis (bruising)
– Raised/flat
• Nodules, granuloma
Disease of Oral Soft Tissue
• Leukoplakia
– “white patch”
• Anywhere in the mouth
• Lichen Planus
– Benign, chronic disease
– Wickham’s striae
• Candidiasis
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Yeast-like infection “Candida albicans
Pseudomembranous candidasis (Thrush)
Hyperplastic—white plaque, cannot remove
Atrophi—”erythematous” smooth red patches
• Aphthous Ulcers
– Canker sores
– Common
– Recurrent—(RAU)
– Minor RAU
• 90% of all cases
– Major RAU
• 10% of cases, frequent outbreaks that last longer
• Cellulitis
– Inflammation is uncontrolled
– Associated with oral infection
– Can be dangerous
• If it travels to eye or brain
Conditions of the Tongue
• Glossitis
– Inflammation or changes to tongue
• Geographic tongue
– Tongue loses areas of filform papillae
Oral Cancer
• One of the 10 most frequently occurring
cancers
• Warning signs
– Sores that do not heal
– Numbness in oral cavity
– White or rough lesions on lips or oral cavity
– Black or brown pigmented areas
– Lesions with flat or raised margins
Smokeless Tobacco
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Periodontal disease and tooth loss
Irritation of oral mucosa
Precancerous leukoplakia
Cancers of the pharynx, larynx and esophagus
Developmental Disorders
• When cells in the body divide, and a deformity
occurs
• Congenital
– present at birth
• Genetic
– Abnormalities in chromosomes
• Environmental factors (teratogens)
– Due to infections, drugs, radiation
Jaw Development
• Macrognathia
– Abnormally large jaw
• Micrognathia
– Abnormally small jaw
• Torus palatinus
– Bony over growth
Disturbances in Lip, Palate and Tongue
Development
• Cleft lip
• Cleft palate
• Cleft uvula
Disturbances in Tooth Development
and Eruption
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Ameloblastoma
– Tumor from dental lamina that did not make it to tooth buds
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Anodontia
Congenitally missing teeth
Supernumerary
– More than the normal 32 teeth
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Macrodontia
– Abnormal large teeth
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Microdontia
– Abnormal small teeth
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Dens in dente
– Tooth within a tooth
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Gemination
– Tooth bud dividing
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Fusion
– Joining of dentin and enamel of 2 or more separate teeth
• Ankylosis
–?
• Impaction
–?
• Abrasion
–?
• Attrition
–?
• Bruxism
–?
Orofacial Piercing
• Can cause
– Chipped teeth
– Broken teeth
– Serious infections(remember how close this is to
your brain)
• PLEASE DO NOT DO THIS 