Transcript New Developments in Pulses Production Technologies and Strategies for

New Developments in Pulses Production
Technologies and Strategies for
Enhancing Pulses Production in India
Pooran M Gaur and CLL Gowda
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
(ICRISAT)
Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh
New Developments in Pulses Production
Technologies through ISOPOM/NFSM
projects to ICRISAT and partners
ISOPOM Project
Improving heat tolerance in chickpea
(2009/10 to 2012/13)
Increasing incidence of heat stress in chickpea
• Increasing area under late sown conditions
• Fluctuations and increase in temperatures due to climate change
• Large shift in chickpea area from northern India to Southern India
Large genetic variation for heat tolerance in chickpea
Sensitive
Tolerant
Release of heat tolerant variety
The heat tolerant line
ICCV 92944 released
as “JG 14” in Central
India for late sown
conditions
JG 14 is being
evaluated in late sown
conditions in farmers’
fields
ISOPOM Project
Development
of
extra-large
seeded
kabuli
Development of large-seeded Kabuli chickpea varieties
chickpea varieties
(2005/06 to 2008/09)
25-28 g 100 seed-1
Before 2000
Before 2000
34-40 g 100 seed-1
>50 g 100 seed-1
Between 2000 to 2005
TargetTarget
of the project
of
After 2000
the project
Extra-large seeded (>50g/100-seed) kabuli chickpea
varieties released and breeding materials developed
(A)Varieties released
• KRIPA (Phule G 0517) from
Rahuri (2009) – Central Zone
• IPCK 2 from Kanpur (2010) –
North-West Plain Zone
(B) Breeding lines developed
Several lines under AICRP
and station trials
NFSM Project
Enhancing chickpea production in rainfed rice-fallow
lands (RRFL) of Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh
(2008-2012)
Kharif
rice area
(m ha)
State
Rabi
fallow
(m ha)
MP + Chhattisgarh
5.60
4.38
Bihar + Jharkhand
5.97
2.20
West Bengal
4.62
1.72
Orissa
3.88
1.22
Maharashtra
1.76
0.63
Assam
2.23
0.54
UP
6.26
0.35
AP
2.66
0.31
Others
7.20
0.30
40.18
11.65
Total
Source: Subbarao et al. (2001)
Expanding chickpea cultivation in rice-fallows
Over 3800 demonstrations
conducted in 8 villages during
2008-09 to 2009-10
ISOPOM Project:
Enhancing Yield and Stability of Pigeonpea
through Heterosis Breeding
(2005-06 to 2009-10)
NFSM Project:
Taking Pigeonpea Hybrids to the Doorsteps of
Farmers
(2007-08 to 2011-12)
Hybrid Pigeonpea
• CMS based pigeonpea becomes a
reality in the world
• 1550 on-farm trials demonstrated 2560% yield increase over check variety
• Hybrid pigeonpea seed production
system transferred to Public and
Private seed sectors
• ICPH 2671 released by MP in Dec 2010
• ICPH 2740 and other hybrids under
on-farm testing in four states
ISOPOM Project
Development and Popularization of ‘Model’ Seed
System(s) for Major Legumes to Ensure SeedSufficiency at the Village Level
(2006/07 to 2009/10)
Crops and states involved
Crop
States
Chickpea
Madhya Pradesh and Uttar
Pradesh
Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh, Orissa
Pigeonpea
Groundnut
Salient achievement of Seed System project
• Farmer-preferred varieties of
chickpea, groundnut and
pigeonpea identified for each
location through FPVS trials
• ‘Model’ seed production
system(s) identified for each
location
• Availability of improved seed
enhanced at the local level
Strategies for enhancing
pulses production in India
Expanding area of pulses
• Promotion of pulses cultivation
in rice-fallows
• Inclusion of short duration
varieties of pulses as catch crop
• Pigeonpea in hills
Enhancing productivity of pulses
Technologies available for enhancing
productivity
• Improved varieties
• Hybrids in pigeonpea
• Agronomic practices for
improved crop establishment
and soil and water management
• Integrated nutrient management
• Integrated pest/disease/weed
management
• Come-up/life saving irrigation in
rabi pulses
What more is needed?
• Availability of quality seed
-
Linking formal & non-formal seed sector
Involve Agro-entrepreneurs in seed supply chain
Village Seed Banks/Farmer cooperatives
• Supply micronutrients
-
Link farmer groups with industry/ suppliers
Soil testing facilities and Soil Health Cards
• Procurement of grain
Remunerative prices to farmers
Timely procurement (at harvest)
• Helicoverpa resistance and herbicide tolerance
(Transgenics)
• Suitability for mechanical cultivation
Enhancing profitability of pulses production
• Reducing cost of cultivation
• Promotion of market preferred cultivars
• Value addition and linking farmers to market
Lessons to be learned from success stories
Area (000 ha)/Production (000 t)
During the past 10 years
• 4-fold increase in area
• 2.4-fold increase in yield
• 9-fold increase in production
• Over 90% area under
improved cultivars
1000
900
1800
Area
Production
800
Yield
700
1600
1400
1200
600
1000
500
800
400
600
300
200
400
100
200
0
Yield (kg/ha)
Chickpea revolution in
Andhra Pradesh
0
1999- 2000- 2001- 2002- 2003- 2004- 2005- 2006- 2007- 200800 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
Trends in chickpea area and production in AP
Key factors for chickpea revolution in AP
• Availability of suitable
varieties (short-duration, high
yielding, fusarium wilt
resistant)
• High adoption of improved
cultivars and production
technologies
• Transformation of
subsistence to marketoriented farming
• Grain storage facilities
available to farmers at local
level and at affordable cost
Suggestions for Pulse Sufficiency
• Establish National Pulses Board
• Appoint a CEO (Senior IAS Officer)
• Authority & accountability for:
-
Coordinating across ministries/departments
-
Coordinating with state government machinery
-
Supply of necessary inputs
Monitor grain procurement and remunerative
prices to farmers (not to traders)
Thank you!