Transcript Document 7150461

Department of Energy
Office of Science
DOE Office of High Energy Physics
Report to the
Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee
Dr. Glen Crawford
Director, Research and Technology Division
Office of High Energy Physics
DOE
October 11, 2007
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Department of Energy
Outline
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Office of Science
HEP Overview
 Key questions
 Scientific priorities
 Budget and Projects
The (mostly) Accelerator-based Program
 Terascale Physics : LHC and ILC
 Neutrino Physics : Experiments with neutrino beams and
other sources
The Particle Astrophysics Program
 Dark Matter
 Dark Energy
 Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
 High Energy Astrophysics
Summary
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www.uslhc.us
Questions for the Universe
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What is the origin of mass for fundamental
particles?
Are there undiscovered principles of nature: new
symmetries, new physical laws?
How can we solve the mystery of dark energy?
Are there extra dimensions of space?
Do all the forces become one?
Why are there so many kinds of particles?
What is dark matter? How can we make it in the
laboratory?
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What are neutrinos telling us?
How did the universe come to be?
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What happened to the antimatter?
Based on "The Quantum Universe," HEPAP 2004
Department of Energy
Planning and Prioritizing the
Scientific Program
Office of Science
Charge from DOE and NSF:
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Identify, articulate, and prioritize the
scientific questions and opportunities
that define elementary particle physics
Recommend a 15-year implementation
plan with realistic, ordered priorities to
realize these opportunities
EPP 2010 Priorities
1. LHC
2. ILC R&D
• “Do what is necessary to mount a
compelling bid to build the proposed
ILC on U.S. soil”
3. Expand particle astrophysics and pursue
an internationally coordinated, staged
program in neutrino physics
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Department of Energy
A Strategic Plan for US-based
High Energy Physics
Office of Science
“Today, our nation faces some decisions about its future role in particle
physics. The US can choose to sacrifice its historical leadership in
particle physics. Or we can make a strong commitment to current and
future global efforts. The United States has an unprecedented
opportunity, as a leader of nations, to undertake this profound scientific
challenge.”
– H. Shapiro, EPP 2010 Chair
 The particle physics program for the next 10-15 years will focus
on:
 LHC discoveries at the Terascale
 ILC and Superconducting RF (SCRF) R&D leading to
A) a construction decision with an international agreement
for a US-based ILC
B) If not ILC, an alternative world-leading US facility
 Dark Energy, Dark Matter detection, Neutrinos, particle
astrophysics
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U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Science
2009
HEP Program
(scenarios and decision points)
2011
2013
2015
2017
2019
2021
EPP2010 Priority 1: Current Machines at the Terascale
Tevatron
LHC
LHC Upgrade
EPP2010 Priority 2: The ILC
EDR
R&D
Site Studies
Construction
Industrialization
International Negotiations
EPP2010 Priority 3: Neutrino and Particle Astrophysics
Daya Bay
MINOS
NOnA
Fermi Beam Upgrades
DES
JDEM
Dark Matter
Decision Points:
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Department of Energy
FY2008 HEP Budget
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 2007
Actual
FY 2008
Request
FY 2008
House
Mark
Office of Science
FY 2008
Senate
Mark
High Energy Physics
Proton Accelerator-Based
Physics
343,633
389,672
389,672
389,672
Electron Accelerator-Based
Physics
101,284
79,763
79,763
79,763
Non-Accelerator Physics
60,655
72,430
72,430
79,430
Theoretical Physics
59,955
56,909
56,909
56,909
166,907
183,464
183,464
183,464
732,434
782,238
782,238
789,238
(51,300)
(32,500)
(32,500)
(32,500)
Advanced Technology R&D
Total, High Energy Physics
Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
(SLAC) Linac Operations (non-add)
The SLAC linear accelerator (linac) supports operations of the B-factory (funded by HEP) and will also support operations of the Linac Coherent
Light Source (currently under construction and funded by Basic Energy Sciences (BES)). With the completion of B-factory operations in FY 2008,
SC has been transitioning funding of the SLAC linac from HEP to BES, with FY 2008 representing the third and final year of joint funding with
BES.
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Department of Energy
Current MIE Projects
Office of Science
Accel
Particle-Astro
Neutrinos
LHC
(EQU costs ONLY; Dollars in Thousands)
Total
Project
Cost (TPC)
Total
Estimated
Cost (TEC)
Prior
Year
Appropriations
Large Hadron Collider–ATLAS
Detector, CERN
102,950
54,703
53,105
1,598
—
—
FY 2007
Large Hadron Collider–CMS
Detector, CERN
147,050
71,789
67,639
2,900
1,250
—
FY 2007
NuMI Off-axis Neutrino Appearance
(NOvA) Detector, Fermilab
260,000
TBD
—
—
1,000
4,900
FY 2013
16,800
10,700
—
—
—
5,000
FY 2010
32,000 34,000
TBD
—
—
500
3,000
FY 2012
Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K) Near
Detector, Tokai, Japan
4,700
3,000
—
—
—
2,000
FY 2009
Very Energetic Radiation Imaging
Telescope Array System (VERITAS),
Amado, Arizona
7,399
4,799
3,650
1,149
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FY 2006
24,100 26,700
TBD
—
—
3,610
7,500
FY 2011
4,900
4,900
4,200
700
—
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FY 2006
Main Injector Experiment v-A
(MINERvA), Fermilab
Reactor Neutrino Detector, Daya
Bay, China
Dark Energy Survey, Cerro-Tololo
Inter-American Observatory, Chile
BaBar Instrumented Flux Return
(IFR) Upgrade, SLAC
FY
2006
FY
2007
FY
2008
Completion
Date
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Department of Energy
FY2008 HEP Big Picture
Office of Science
 We are both operating current facilities and preparing for the next
decade’s activities.
 Conversion of Capital to Operating of the past decade is over. Reconverting Operating to Capital has begun. Not an easy step.
 New (M&S-intensive) HEP construction projects will be ramping up.
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NOvA (NUMI Off Axis Neutrino Appearance Experiment)
MINERVA neutrino cross section measurements
Daya Bay neutrino experiment w/China
Dark Energy Survey (DES) w/NSF
 ILC R&D is ramping up to a $60M request for FY2008, up from $42M
in FY2007
 SCRF infrastructure initiative continues, aligned with ILC R&D
 Tevatron, B Factory, and NUMI running full steam.
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Department of Energy
Today’s Major Tools:
Currently Running U.S. HEP Accelerator
Experiments
Tevatron at Fermilab
Neutrinos @ MINOS
Office of Science
B-factory at SLAC
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Department of Energy
Welcome to the Terascale
Office of Science
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Department of Energy
We Are Entering Higgs Territory
Office of Science
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One of Tomorrow’s Research Tools
…in 223 Days (and counting)
ATLAS@CERN
Department of Energy
LHC Status –
On Track for Next Year – So Far
Office of Science
 The LHC accelerator and the major detectors exceptionally
complex systems that, despite continued challenges of
commissioning, are making excellent progress
 Currently on schedule for first injected TeV beam before
June, 2008.
 Excellent record of recovery at LHC from past technical
problems with accelerator and in readying of detectors
 Run Plan
 Machine closes up by mid-November.
 Currently scheduled for first beam by May 21, 2008
 Physics run in Fall ’08
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Department of Energy
When Might We See Physics at LHC?
Office of Science
Z’@6TeV
Extra Dimensions
3000
SUSY@3TeV
H(120GeV)
300
30
Higgs > 200 GeV
SUSY@1TeV
10-20
fb-1/yr
2009
2011
100 fb-1/yr
2013
1000 fb-1/yr
2015
2017
2019
First physics run: a few fb-1
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Department of Energy
…and the PR Just Keeps Coming
Office of Science
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Department of Energy
ILC: The Global Design Effort
produces its first design report
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Office of Science
Four volume report with 1816 authors, 325 institutions - executive
summary (77 pgs.), physics (149), accelerator (339), & detector
(209) http://www.linearcollider.org/cms/?pid=1000025
Reference Design Report (RDR) design, cost, and R&D program
subject to international review. (Cost review was chaired by Lyn
Evans, LHC Project Director.)
August 2007 RDR was:
 Sponsored and accepted by International Committee on Future
Accelerators (ICFA)
 Received by the Funding Agencies for Large Colliders (FALC)
Subject to a great deal of discussion of the interpretation of ILC
“value estimate”
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Department of Energy
Superconducting RF R&D and
Infrastructure
Weld free cavity forming
Intensive R&D;
extensive test
facilities
Chemical /
electropolish
Chemical
Polish
Office of Science
Rinse, bake
Electropolish
DESY
photos
String test
Cryomodule
assembly
Vertical /
horizontal test
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Department of Energy
Neutrino Physics
Office of Science
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
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Department of Energy
A Program for Neutrino Physics
Office of Science
Goals of the next phases of the worldwide experimental
program in neutrino oscillations:
Fill out our understanding of 3-neutrino mixing and oscillations:
 What are the orderings and splittings of the neutrino mass
states?
 What are the mixing angles?
 Is there CP violation in neutrino mixing?
A world-wide effort has laid out an ambitious program that can do all of
this – subject to the values of the unknown parameters.
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Department of Energy
Neutrino Experiments - Status
Office of Science
MINERvA
 Neutrino scattering experiment using
the NuMI beamline at Fermilab; will
measure low energy neutrino
interactions
 Fabrication is starting soon; data taking
will start in 2009
NOvA
 Uses the NuMI Off-Axis beam to search
νμ → νe oscillations in an 18 kiloton
liquid scintillator detector
 Project will be baselined soon and start
final design
 Initial operations in 2011; Operations
with full detector in 2012
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Department of Energy
Upcoming Neutrino Experiments
Office of Science
Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Detector
 Partnering with China
 Neutrino-oscillation experiment designed to measure the mixing angle
sin2213, using anti-neutrinos produced by the reactors of the Daya Bay
Nuclear Power Plant
 Project is completing conceptual design; full operations in 2012
Tokai-to-Kamioka (T2K)
 Long baseline neutrino oscillations to search for nu-mu to nu-e
appearance using high intensity beam in Japan; completing R&D,
starting fabrication soon; data taking in 2010
 DOE working on 280m detector and other instrumentation
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Department of Energy
Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
EXO-200
 IF the neutrino is its own
antiparticle, “neutrinoless”
double beta decay is allowed
(but very rare)
 If this is true, measurement
of decay rate allows direct
measurement of nu mass
 Experiments need large
mass and low backgrounds
 Several different detector
technologies proposed
 200 kg enriched Xenon
experiment (EXO-200) being
assembled at Waste Isolation
Pilot Plant (WIPP) in NM
Office of Science
EXO-200 moving into WIPP cavern
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Department of Energy
Particle Astrophysics : The Quantum
Meets the Universe
Temperature
Office of Science
 George Smoot of LBNL
shared the 2006 Nobel
Prize in Physics with John
C. Mather of the NASA
Goddard Space Flight
Center.
 Smoot’s work, supported
by DOE, helped to lead to
the COBE satellite in the
early 90s, measuring
CMB temperature
differences of a hundredthousandth of a degree,
consistent with Big Bang
predictions.
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Department of Energy
Current Dark Matter Searches
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Office of Science
Cryogenic Dark Matter
Search (CDMS-II)
experiment
 Direct detection of dark
matter with ultracold Ge in
Soudan Mine in Minnesota
 Data-taking: Full ops with 5
towers started in 2006 &
continues through 2007.
 World’s lowest published
exclusion limits on dark
matter cross section
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Axion Dark Matter Search
(ADMX) experiment
 at Lawrence Livermore Lab
in California – testing and
commissioning in 2007
CDMS detector
.
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Department of Energy
Future Dark Matter Detectors
Office of Science
Artist’s Conception of Liquid Xe exp’t
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DOE supporting R&D for CDMS-25kg upgrade
Best unpublished dark matter limit from Xenon-10 experiment
 If backgrounds are controllable, then noble liquid/gas detectors
probably the least expensive way to get to large mass (1000 kg)
Evaluating technologies as recommended by Dark Matter SAG
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Department of Energy
Dark Energy – Planning &
Recommendations
Office of Science
Dark Energy Task Force –
 Subpanel of AAAC & HEPAP reported in June 2006
 Recommended a mix of experiments with independent and
complementary measurements to address dark energy
HEPAP project prioritization subpanel (aka “P5”)
 Recommended that DOE and NSF jointly pursue the Dark Energy
Survey (DES) project, a small-scale ground-based experiment that
can provide significant advances in our knowledge of dark energy
in the near term in a cost-effective manner.
 P5 also recommended that R&D be done for large-scale groundbased and space-based dark energy experiments to get them to a
preliminary design stage.
We have responded to these recommendations
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Department of Energy
Dark Energy – Future Projects
Office of Science
Dark Energy Survey (DES)
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New camera to be installed
on the Blanco 4m telescope
in Chile; multiple methods
to study dark energy
Now doing preliminary
design; plan is for
fabrication to start in 2008;
operations in 2011
Collaboration with NSF, UK,
Spain
DES
Camera
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Department of Energy
Other Dark Energy support
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Office of Science
In 2007, DOE/HEP provided funding to support R&D that can deliver
advances in key areas identified by the Dark Energy Task Force report.
 Had 32 Dark Energy R&D proposals
 Independent review panel held in May 2007
 We partially funded 21 of them – current and future projects including
theory – ground and space ($3M total)
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In 2008, DOE/HEP again plans to provide “generic” dark energy support.
The solicitation was posted on our web site on Oct. 3.
 See http://www.science.doe.gov/grants/
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Also providing R&D funds for (Stage IV):
 Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST)
• Collaboration is proposing that DOE fund the camera construction
 JDEM – next generation space-based experiment
• Continue R&D for SNAP; also started R&D funding for DESTINY and
ADEPT in FY2007
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And operating funds for (Stage II):
 Supernova Cosmology Project, Nearby Supernova Factory, SDSS-II
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Department of Energy
Dark Energy – Future Planning
Office of Science
The Long and Winding Road:
 NASA and DOE jointly sponsored a National Academy study
“Beyond Einstein Program Assessment Committee” (BEPAC), to
identify the highest priority among the five proposed NASA
“Beyond Einstein” missions
 Report released 9/6/07 – recommended as a top priority the
Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM) with DOE and NASA
partnering
 DOE and NASA have started meeting regularly to lay out a path
forward; also have been meeting with OSTP.
 We cannot discuss any details or issues at this time
 Our target is:
• Announcement of Opportunity in 2008
• Selection in 2009
• Launch in the middle of the next decade
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Department of Energy
Particle Astrophysics and
Cosmology
Sloan Digital Sky Survey
(SDSS)
 SDSS-II approved through June
2008. Recent news:
 Discovery of dwarf galaxies
orbiting the Milky Way
 Distant quasars live in
massive dark matter halos
 A collaboration is planning to
propose a baryon acoustic
oscillation experiment (“BOSS”)
to study Dark Energy with
SDSS-III starting in 2009
Office of Science
2.5 m Telescope in
Apache Point, NM
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Department of Energy
High-Energy Astrophysics I
Office of Science
VERITAS (Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System)
 Very high-energy (50+ GeV) photon detection using optical method
 Collaboration with NSF and Smithsonian Institute. Status:
 VERITAS telescopes were installed at the Whipple Observatory base camp
on Mt. Hopkins and started operations at the end of March 2007
 They have been approved for a 2 year engineering run at Whipple
 Collaboration is requesting to stay there indefinitely and not relocate to Kitt
Peak (original planned location)
T1
T2
Telescope 1
T4
T3
Whipple base camp
Crab Nebula, 5
sigma in 2 mins
Blazar Mrk 421
z=0.03
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Department of Energy
High-Energy Astrophysics II
Office of Science
Gamma-ray Large Area Space
Telescope (GLAST)
 High-energy (~20-200 GeV)
photon detection using HEP
technology
 Collaboration between NASA,
DOE, France, Italy, Japan,
Sweden
 Jan 2006 - Instrument
fabrication complete
 Currently undergoing
environmental testing
 Feb 2008 - GLAST launch
scheduled
Detector during assembly
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Department of Energy
High-Energy Astrophysics III
Office of Science
Pierre Auger Observatory
 Scientific goal is to observe,
understand and characterize the
very highest energy cosmic
rays.
 New results in press
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Collaboration with NSF and 17
other countries
Installed over 3000 km2 site in
Argentina
 All fluorescence telescopes
operating
 1480 (out of 1600) surface
Cherenkov detectors
deployed, 1355 taking data
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Collaboration is working on R&D
for Auger-South upgrades & an
Auger-North design report
Flourescence telescope
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Department of Energy
Future Prospects
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Office of Science
Now that state-of-the-art high-energy/particle astrophysics
experiments are up and running, proposals for nextgeneration tools starting to come in, or are expected soon:
 AGIS
 Auger North
 CMB experiments
 HAWC
 SDSS-III
 …(your favorite proposal here)…
An important part of DOE/HEP evaluation will be asking how
various proposals impact our mission:
 “understand how our universe works at its most
fundamental level”
 We may be asking HEPAP/AAAC for advice in evaluating
and prioritizing
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Department of Energy
Summary
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Office of Science
Exciting times at the Terascale
 Higgs, Supersymmetric Dark Matter, extra dimensions…?
 Tevatron cracks open the door, LHC kicks it down
Interesting times on the ILC front
 Proving we know how to build it, and what it costs
 Many discussions with international partners
A coordinated attack on neutrinos
 Mass, mixings, hierarchy, CP Violation…?
 Suite of accelerator-based and non-accelerator
experiments
A golden “dark” age for particle astrophysics?
 Dark Matter (cosmic and accelerator-based)
 Dark Energy (ground- and space-based)
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