Transcript Document 7141013

History, Geography and
Culture of the Middle
East
Historical Understandings of the Middle
East
The Middle East
 Many people refer to this
region as the Middle East
because of its location.
 For centuries empires and
kingdoms have fought for
control of these lands.
 One reason is the locationwhoever held control of the
region influenced trade.
 Trade=$$$$$$$
Climates in the Middle East
 A large majority of the
Middle East is desert
and semi arid.
Desert
How Does Location Affect
Population?
Name three
geographic
features that
might affect
population.
Where do you
predict the
most people
will live???
How Would Water & Rainfall
affect the Middle East????
Water & Access Determine Where
People Live in the Middle East!
How does land and water affect
travel?
How People Make a Living????
 Between 10%-35% of all
the people make a living
in agriculture.
 Between 65% and 90%
are involved in services
and industry.
 Why is the Middle East
so low in agriculture and
high in services and
industry?
How climate affects Agriculture
 Huge portions
of the Middle
East cannot be
farmed without
water.
 Israel uses
desalination
plants.
 What is
desalination?
How does Oil Affect the Middle
East?
 Many people
make a living
in oil
processing.
 People live
near water or
places with job
opportunities.
Oil and Everyday Life
Oil is used in many everyday objects more than you may have ever imagined.
http://www.priweb.org/ed/pgws/uses/uses_home.html
Copy in Your Notebook
Middle East
Called because
of location
Water and
rainfall affect
crops
Many people
make a living in
service and
manufacturing
People live near
water or jobs
Some people
grow crops
Oil provides
jobs and boosts
the economy
Travel is based
on geography
Three Religions Evolve-Judaism
 Jews recognize Abraham as




the father of their faith.
Believe that there is only one
god named Yahweh
(monotheism).
They worship in temples and
synagogues.
The Torah, their holy text is
the first five books of the
bible.
They believe they are Gods
chosen and the land he
promised them is Israel.
Christianity Begins
 Around the 1st century, a
Jewish teacher named Jesus
founded Christianity.
 Jesus claimed to be the
promised Messiah and son of
god.
 After his death the religion was
spread throughout parts of
Asia, Africa and Europe.
 Jerusalem is a important site
for Christianity, there is the
Church of the Holy Sepulcher
where Jesus was to have been
crucified.
Islam
 Emerged in the 7th century, Muhammad




claimed that the angel Gabrielle spoke to
him and revealed Gods will.
Many of the poor were impressed with
Muhammad’s messages –he called for
social justice and equality for all.
Rich and powerful merchants and leaders
saw him as a threat.
In 622 Muhammad and his followers fled
Mecca concerned for their safety and went
to Medina
Muhammad related Gods messages for 23
years before he died.
Five Pillars of Islam
There is
one God
and his
name is
Allah
Pray 5
times a
day
Donate
money
to the
poor
Fast
during
Ramadan
Hajj to
Mecca
Notes
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Began by Abraham father
of two sons-and two ethnic
groups
Believe they are gods
CHOSEN
MONOTHEISTIC (one god)
Yahweh is god, study the
Torah and Talmud
Worship in temple or
synagogue
Western Wall in Jerusalem
is holy location
Observe Yom Kipper,
Hanukah and other
holidays
Based on the teachings of
Jesus
MONOTHESTIC-one god
Worship in church
Bible is holy text
Church of the Holy
Sepulcher is holy to
Christians and is thought
to be located on the hill of
Calvary.
Observe Christmas,
Easter, and other holidays
Muhammad is the founder
and prophet.
Angel Gabrielle spoke to
him.
Worship in mosque, very
plan, no clergy
Qur’an is the holy text
Belief in the 5 pillars-one
god, prayer, fasting, hajj.
Helping the poor
Monotheistic-one god and
Allah is his name
How did Religions Spread???
The Ottoman Empire
 The Ottoman Empire
began in Turkey
around1299 AD.
 The Turks rose to
power when the
Byzantine Empire
declined.
 Osman was the first
Ottoman Sultan (ruler
of a Muslim state)
Growth
 The Ottoman Empire grew fast
by taking over many regions.
 Soon it was one of the largest
empires in the world ruling
over many Middle East and
European regions.
 Constantinople became the
capital and was one of the
largest cities of its time. It was
a center for culture, art and
education.
Golden Age of Ottoman Empire
 From 1512 until 1520 the
Ottoman Empire spread with
strong rulers Selim the 1st and
his son Suleiman.
 The Ottoman empire was
dedicated to art, writing,
architecture, music, medicine,
astrology and mathematics.
 When Suleiman died in 1566, he
had expanded the empire and
was the best known Muslim
leader in the world.
More on the Ottoman Empire
 From 1520 to 1566 Suleiman I ruled the
Ottoman Empire.
 He was called “Suleiman the
Magnificent” by Christians, and “The
Lawgiver” by the Muslims.
 He published a code of laws that
established justice throughout his
empire.
 His chief architect Sinan, transformed
Christian Constantinople into a Islamic
capital. Sinan created famous mosques
all over the empire.
 As long as Suleiman ruled the empire it
was the richest and most powerful in
Europe and SW Asia.
How the Ottomans
Affected the Region
 As the Ottomans conquered
new lands they spread the
Islamic culture.
 They controlled trade routes
and became powerful-trade
spread ideas and goods.
 Many European groups were
afraid of the Ottomans and
looked for new trade routes.
 This opened discovery of new
lands.
The Fall of the Ottomans
 In 1566 with the death of
Suleiman, the empire
declined.
 Many wars hurt the empire
and they lost land, men
and power.
 Sometimes the empire was
called the “Sick man of
Europe” showing that the
empire was dying.
Ottomans in the 20th Century
 Ottoman Empire sided with
Germany in WWI against the
Allied powers of the United
States, England, France and
Russia.
 They won only one battle-the
battle of Gallipoli.
 They lost their lands and empire
after the war. The Treaty of
Serves split the Ottoman Empire
and the lands were ruled by
mandate.
 Mandate-rule of another country
by agreement of nations.
A New Land
 In 1923, the Republic of
Turkey was created after
being granted their freedom
from Britain.
 Turkey was one of the first
members of the UN.
 Today they are an ally of the
United States and have a
secular government. The
country is primarily Islamic.
Notes on Ottoman Empire
Grew fast,
became large
powerful empire
Many sultans were
educated and
interested in
education, art and
music.
Empire fell due to
war, loss of land and
people.
Began in 1299 with
Osman the Sultan
Ottoman
Empire
When empire fell
after WW l the lands
were divided at the
Treaty of Serves
Ottomans were
Turks and were
ruled by Sultans or
Kings
Ottomans affected
trade, spread of
Islam and culture in
region.
Today Turkey is a
republic, secular
country that is
primarily Islamic.