Transcript Document 7137222

Searching for New
Physics at SuperB,
The Super Flavor Factory
David Hitlin
Fermilab Colloquium
November 19, 2008
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
1
Q&A
 Is there a motivation to continue e+e- flavor physics studies with a Super
B
factory beyond the BABAR/Belle/(LHCb) era ?
 Yes – provided that new measurements have sensitivity to New Physics in
b, c and t decay
 What size data sample is required to provide this sensitivity ?
 50-75 ab-1 (BABAR+Belle total sample is <2 ab-1)
 What luminosity is required to gather a sample of this size in five years ?
 At least 1036 cm-2s-1
 Can an asymmetric collider with this luminosity be built ?
 Yes, using an innovative new approach: a low emittance collider, based on
concepts developed for the ILC damping rings, and employing a new type
of final focus – a “crabbed waist”. The machine is called SuperB
 Can a detector be built that can withstand the machine backgrounds ?
 Yes. The beam currents are less than those at PEP-II and KEKB
 In this era of increasing energy prices, can you pay the power bill ?
 Yes. The wallplug power, 17MW, is less than half that of KEKB (40-60mw)
and comparable to that of PEP-II
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
2
SuperB One Pager
 SuperB is a Super Flavor Factory with very high initial luminosity,
1036, which can be upgraded to 4x1036 in a straightforward manner
 It is asymmetric : 4 on 7 GeV
 Most of the ring magnets can re reused from PEP-II, as can the RF systems,
many vacuum components, linac and injection components – as well as BABAR as the
basis for an upgraded detector
 The high energy beam can be linearly polarized to ~85% , using the SLC laser gun
 This is particularly important for confronting New Physics in t decays
 The primary ECM will be the U(4S), but SuperB can run elsewhere in the U region,
and in the charm &tau threshold regions as well, with a luminosity above 1035
 One month at the (3770), for example, yields 10x the total data sample that
will be produced by BEPCII
 SuperB will be built on the campus of the Rome II University at Tor Vergata
 There is an FEL already in early stages of construction on the site
 Tunneling will continue to dig the SuperB tunnel, funded by Regione Lazio
 Time scales
 (Successful) conclusion of the European Roadmap process (INFN, ECFA,
CERN Strategy Group) by the end of 2008, followed by INFNMinistry
 TDR effort is beginning: construction 5 years : luminosity in 2015
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
3
What have you been smoking ?
 The EPP2010 report regarded flavor physics (or indeed most things
we actually know how to measure) as uninteresting
 The recent P5 report is much more realistic
 It recommends, in Scenario B and above, US participation in an overseas
Super B factory
 There are two proposals on the market
 SuperKEKB, an upgrade of KEKB
 SuperB, a new low emittance collider, with a luminosity of >1036, to be
built at Rome II University “Tor Vergata”, using many PEP-II components
 This talk will concern SuperB
320 signers
80 institutions
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
4
Primary physics objectives of a Super Flavor Factory
 Perform measurements in the flavor sector such that:
 If new particles are discovered at LHC we are able to study the
flavor structure of the New Physics
 If the New Physics scale is beyond the reach of the LHC,
explore the New Physics scale







 bq
 eff
More specifically
Are there new CP-violating phases in b,c or t decay ?
Are there new right-handed currents ?
Are there new loop contributions to flavor-changing neutral currents
Are there new Higgs fields ?
Is there charged lepton flavour violation (LFV) ?
Is there new flavor symmetry that elucidates the CKM hierarchy ?
What are the requirements for a detector that can address these
questions in a 1036 asymmetric e+e- environment ?
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
5
B Physics: U(4S)
Charm mixing and CPV
Charm FCNC
Bs Physics: U(5S)
t Physics
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
6
Many SM extensions yield measurable effects in flavor physics
Little Higgs w/
MFV UV fix
Generic Little Higgs
Extra dim w/
SM on brane
Generic extra dim w SM in bulk
Supersoft
SUSY breaking
Dirac gauginos
MSSM
MFV
low tan
SM-like flavor physics
SUSY GUTs
MSSM
MFV
large tan
Effective SUSY
Observable effects of New Physics
after G. Hiller
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
7
1500
1000
500
250
SPS-1 SPS-2 SPS-3 SPS-4 SPS-5 SPS-6 SPS-7 SPS-8 SPS-9
Ghodbane and Martyn
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
8
The Unitarity triangle constraints
Constraints from Bd , Bs and K L decays
B ( K L0   0 ) and
B ( K     )
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
9
Interplay between metrology and New Physics sensitivity
SuperB+Lattice improvements
Today
r = 0.163 ± 0.028
h = 0.344± 0.016
r = ± 0.0028
h = ± 0.0024
Improving the precision of Unitarity Triangle measurements,
along with reducing theoretical uncertainties, can provide evidence
for New Physics
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
10
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
11
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
12
Squark mass matrix (d sector)
SuperB
LHC
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
13
Probes of New Physics
 In the Standard Model we expect the same value for “sin2 ” in
b ® ccs, b ® ccd , b ® sss, b ® dds modes, but different SUSY models
can produce different asymmetries
 Since the penguin modes have branching fractions one or two orders
of magnitude less than tree modes, a great deal of luminosity is
required to make these measurements to meaningful precision
B 0 ® J / y K S0
B 0 ® f K S0
Vtb*Vtd VcbVcs*
q A
- 2 ib
l tree =
=h
=
(
1)
e
pA
VtbVtd* Vcb*Vcs
Wb
u,c,t
b
l =e
David Hitlin
-
Hs
u,c,t
i (2 b + f
SUSY
Vtb*Vtd VtbVts*
q A
- 2 ib
l penguin =
=h
=
(
1)
e
pA
VtbVtd* Vtb*Vts
s b
)
~g, 0
~~ ~
u,c,t
s b
A
Þ Sf K = sin(2b + f
A
Fermilab
SUSY
~ ~~
d,s,b
s
)
Nov. 19, 2008
14
Gold
There are penguin and tree corrections to these penguins
b
 VtbVts ~  2
W
t
g
Silver
d
b
 VtbVts ~  2
W
t
g
d
s
s
s
d
Bronze
d

K
0

s
s
s
 VtbVts ~  2
W
t
s
d
g
d
d
K0
b
h ', f0
d
W

K0
u
u
s
d
h ', f0
K
0
29
 VubVus ~  4Ru e  i
b
K0
 , r ,
0
0
d
W
u
u
s
d
 0 , r 0 ,
K
0
J / y K S0
David Hitlin
4
 VubVus ~  4Ru e  i
d
b
 VubVus ~  4Ru e  i
W
u
s
b
s
g
d
s
d
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
20
Corrections
of up to 20%
corrections
for sin2β
are possible
These
corrections
can be
calculated
and/or
bounded
440 x10-6
15
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
16
New Physics in CPV:
sin2 from “s Penguins”…
Wb
Many channels can show effects in the range DS~(0.01-0.04)
s
s
s
d
t
B0d
d

SuperB
K0
~
g
b
b~
~
s
X
s
 
d
23 LR
(*) theory limited
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
17
Statistical errors on CP asymmetries
-1 are
10
to
50
ab
BABAR measurement errors
required for a
meaningful comparison
1036 yields 15 ab-1/year
Five year total: 75 ab-1
Current
precision
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
18
B g K0 at 50/ab with present WA value
J/K0
K0
l =e
David Hitlin
i (2 b + f
Fermilab
SUSY
)
A
Þ Sf K = sin(2b + f
A
Nov. 19, 2008
SUSY
19
)
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
20
Minimal Flavor Violation : SNOWMASS points
SPS4 is ruled out by exp
value of B(Bs)
SPS1a is the least favorable
for flavor effects, but
SuperB and only SuperB
can observe 2s deviations in
several observables
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
21
MSSM + generic soft SUSY breaking terms
New Physics contribution
(2-3 transitions)
~
g
Flavor-changing NP effects in the squark propagator
 NP scale SUSY mass m ~ mg
 
 flavor-violating coupling
q
ij LR , RR , LL

( M ij2 ) qLR , RR , LL
b
b~
s
~
s
X
 
m2
d
23 LR
|  231| LR
|  23 | LR = (0.026 ± 0.005)
 is measured with a
significance >3s away
from zero
0.1
10-1
Arg(23)LR=(44.5± 2.6)o
0.01
10
2
11
David Hitlin
Fermilab
10 10 mgluino (TeV)
Nov. 19, 2008
22
Why do we need a very large sample >75ab-1 ?
Exhibit A: Determination of coupling [in this case : (13)LL]
(13)LL
Im
Im
(13)LL
with 10 ab-1 and 75 ab-1
SM
Re (13)LL
David Hitlin
Fermilab
SM
Re (13)LL
Nov. 19, 2008
23
Exhibit B: SM Branching fractions: Current  10ab-1  75ab-1
B  K 


B  K * , ( K   KS   )
Actual limit
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
24
Polarization at SuperB
 The SuperB design includes a polarized electron beam
 SuperKEKB does not, and cannot, have a polarized beam
 Spins must be vertical in the ring  spin rotators at the IP
Solenoid spin rotators appear best
 36.6 Tesla-meters for 90 spin rotation in the LER
e.g. 2.5 Tesla x14.66 meters with 30x106 ampere-turns
 Expected longitudinal polarization at the IP:
87%(injection) x 97%(ring)=85%(effective)
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
25
A Super Flavor Factory is also a t factory
Lepton Flavor Violation
polarized e- beam: reduced background,
improved sensitivity
Very important order of magnitude
10-8  10-9
Complimentarity with m  e 
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
26
LFV in t decays: SuperB capability
SuperB sensitivity directly confronts many New Physics models
BABAR
SuperB
sensitivity
For 75 ab-1
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
27
LFV
5s disc
B
B
2
75
10ab : 75ab 
for B(t  m ), 7.5 for B(t 
10
1
1
CMSSM : me vanishes at all SPS points
David Hitlin
Fermilab
)
MVF-NP extensions : me vanishes as s130
tm is independent of s13
Nov. 19, 2008
28
Beyond MFV
LFV from PMNS
107 B (tm
SO(10) MSSM
LFV from CKM
SuperB
now
SuperB
M1/2
SUSY GUT
now
SuperB
Allowed by Dms
From Bs phase
David Hitlin
J.K.Parry, H.-H. Zhang
hep-ph/0710.5443
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
29
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
30
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
31
Polarized t’s can probe the chiral structure of LFV
t
t
tt ¬¬-¬--
t ¬-¬
t


tt ¬-
Flipping the helicity of the polarized
electron beam allows us to
determine the chiral structure
of dimension 6 four fermion
lepton flavor-violating interactions
t
t
t ¬¬


Dassinger, Feldmann, Mannel, and Turczyk
JHEP 0710:039,2007;
[See also Matsuzaki and Sanda
arXiv:0711.0792 [hep-ph]
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
32
CP Violation in charm
NOW
SuperB
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
33
The pattern of deviation from the SM values is diagnostic
Model
Bd
Unitarity
Time-dep.
CPV
Rare B decay
Other signals
-
-
-
-
Bd mixing
-
B → (D)*t
b → sl+l−
Bs → mm
Bs mixing
-
B → KS
B → K∗
-
Bs mixing
Bd mixing
B → KS
-
-
Split fermions in
large extra
dimensions
Bd mixing
-
b → sl +l −
Bulk fermions in
warped extra
dimensions
Bd mixing
B → KS
b → sl +l −
-
b → sl +l −
b → s
mSUGRA
(moderate tan)
mSUGRA
(large tan )
SUSY GUT with
R
Effective SUSY
KK graviton
exchange
Universal extra
dimensions
David Hitlin
-
Fermilab
t LFV, n EDM
ACP (b→s)
b → sl +l −
Bs mixing
-
b → sl +l −
K 0 K 0mixing
D0 D0 mixing
Bs mixing
D 0 D 0 mixing
Nov. 19, 2008
K →
34
A Super B Factory is a DNA chip for New Physics
nb)
a
t
e
t
a
der e tanb)
o
m
(
A
rg
R
a
l
G
(
U
A
mS SUGR UT with nR
m
G
SY
Y
U
S
S
U
e
S
iv
SU(5)
Effect exchange
n
ns
o
o
t
i
i
s
v
n
a
e
KK grextra dim nsions
rge
i me ions
a
l
d
n
a
i
r
t
i ons
l ex
ens
a
m
m
s
r
i
r
e
d
e
f
Univ sal extra
Split
r
Unive
rity
a
t
i
n
tion
Bd u
a
l
o
i
Pv
ays
c
C
e
t
n
d
nde
eB
r
als
e
a
n
p
g
e
R
i
d
s
r
Time
Othe
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
35
SuperB
36
SuperKEKB
35
34
33
2015
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
36
How to increase luminosity
But...
Brute force approach
SuperKEKB
approach
• Increase beam
currents
• Decrease y*
• Decrease
bunch length
David Hitlin
• HOM in beam pipe
– heating, instabilities,
power costs
• Increased detector
backgrounds
• Increased chromaticity
– smaller dynamic
aperture
• Increased RF voltage
– Capital and operating
costs, instabilities
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
37
Current SuperB Parameters
SuperKEKB
8
3.5
0.8 (0.4)
Beam-beam
transparency
conditions in
red
5000
12
|
5
9.4 |
4.1
3
200
45
9 (24)
0.367
42
3
30
IP beam distributions
for KEKB
IP beam distributions
for SuperB
(without transparency
conditions)
0.405
0.209
83
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
38
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
39
Circumference
~1800 m
Length 20 m
nb:
polarization
insertion not
modeled in
this version
Length 280 m
HER
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
40
Low emittance rings are not exotic
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
41
Crabbed waist beam distribution at the IP
waist line is orthogonal
to the axis of bunch
Crab sextupoles
OFF
waist moves to the
axis of other beam
Crab sextupoles
ON
All particles from both beams collide in the minimum y region,
with a net luminosity gain
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
42
E. Paoloni
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
43
SuperB uses many PEP-II components
Quadrupoles
Dipoles
Lmag (m)
0.45
5.4
Lmag (m)
0.56
0.73
0.43
0.7
0.4
PEP HER
-
194
PEP HER
202
82
-
-
-
PEP LER
194
-
PEP LER
-
-
353
-
-
SuperB HER
-
130
SuperB HER
165
108
-
2
2
SuperB LER
224
18
SuperB LER
88
108
165
2
2
SuperB Total
224
148
SuperB Total
Needed
30
0
253
216 165
4
4
Why not do this at SLAC
51
0 of PEP-II?
4
4
as an134
upgrade
Needed
Sextupoles
Lmag (m)
0.25
0.5
PEP HER/LER
188
-
SuperB HER/LER
372
4
Needed
184
4
David Hitlin
This is sufficiently
logical that
it must be.....)
+ RF (cavities,
klystrons,
happening in another
+ vacuumpart
components
of the multiverse,
+ accelerator
expertise
But, apparently,
not
+ BABAR in our sector
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
44
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
45
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
46
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
47
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
48
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
49
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
50
SuperB Experimental Hall & Transfer Line
+
David Hitlin
-
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
51
SuperB luminosity profile
Peak luminosity can be
upgraded to 2.5x1036
(conservatively)
Peak
Integrated
160 ab-1 in ten years
~100 x combined
BABAR+Belle data sample
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
52
An upgrade of BABAR works well at SuperB
Straightforward R&D on SuperB upgrade components is underway
R&D for a detector that can function in the SuperKEKB environment,
a much more difficult problem, is also underway
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
53
How much will SuperB cost?
From the SuperB CDR
EDIA
[my]
Labor
[my]
M&S
[k€]
Net replacement
value [k€]
Accelerator
452
291
191,166
126,330
Site (Lazio region)
119
138
105,700
0
Detector
283
156
40,747
46,471
Costs are presented “ILC-style”,
with replacement value for reusable
PEP-II/ BABAR components
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Value of reusable items
from PEP-II and BABAR
Disassembly, crating,
refurbishment and
shipping costs are
included in columns
to the left
Nov. 19, 2008
54
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
55
Schedule
Four year construction, preceded by 2-3 years of design and
prototyping, which overlaps organizational and funding activities
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
56
INFN International Review Committee Report
Members: H. Aihara, J.B. Dainton (chair), R. Heuer (to Nov 07), Y. K. Kim,
J. Lefrançois, A. Masiero, S. Myers (for April 08),
T. Nakada (RECFA from April 08), D. Schulte, A. Seiden
Conclusions
● Strongly recommend continuation of work for 1036 cm-2 s-1
asymmetric e+e- collider
● Even more concerted effort to fully evaluate
physics potential ↔ machine specifications
● Major design program to establish credibility
of machine now critical ← showstoppers ?
● Machine Advisory Committee (MAC) now essential
● Preservation of detector and PEP2 components
● Increasing global involvement if timescale for a TDR is to be met
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
57
The review and approval process for SuperB
 INFN commissioned an International Review Committee, for the CDR, chaired
by John Dainton to report on the physics objectives the detector concept and
the machine
H. Aihara (Tokyo), J. Dainton (Liverpool) , R. Heuer (DESY), Y.-K, Kim
(Fermilab), J. Lefrancois (Orsay), A. Masiero (Padova), S. Myers(CERN),
D. Schulte (CERN), A. Seiden (UC Santa Cruz)
 The report, issued in May, was strongly positive. Excerpts:
“……….. the step change in luminosity which SuperB brings, makes possible
measurements that are crucial to our comprehension of the physics which is behind
the Standard Model. In some cases, for example if dynamic issues are at a multi-TeV
energy scale, measurements at SuperB may provide the only window on this physics.”
“There are issues which arise because of the huge luminosity at SuperB and the need to
improve detector performance in the face of the experimental challenge of precision
measurements. R&D is already underway where appropriate, and, given the timescale
foreseen by the SuperB collaboration, it is important to maintain, and where possible
to accelerate, this work to a conclusion, so as to enable the appropriate decisions for
the experiment to be taken in a timely fashion.”
“The importance of taking forward the design of the SuperB machine expeditiously
requires a growing investment in the accelerator physics and engineering R&D work.
This growth in both scope and volume of in-depth evaluation requires the oversight of
an expert Machine Advisory Committee (MAC).”
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
58
The Mini-MAC
 In response to the Dainton report, INFN commissioned a Machine Advisory
Committee, chaired by Jonathan Dorfan
Klaus Balewski (DESY), John Corlett (LBNL), Jonathan Dorfan (SLAC, Chair),
Tom Himel (SLAC/on sabbatical at DESY), Claudio Pellegrini (UCLA),
Daniel Schulte (CERN), Ferdi Willeke (BNL), Andy Wolski (Liverpool),
Frank Zimmermann (CERN)
 From the closeout:
“Very exciting project - Committee is exhilarated by the challenge”
“Imaginative and ambitious design - Committee endorses the design approach. Design
does offer flexibility to either raise the luminosity or compensate for surprises”
“Committee considers the SINGLE MOST ESSENTIAL ingredient for moving forward
is the formation of a sanctioned management structure which formally incorporates a
dedicated machine design team”
“The Committee sees no glaring showstoppers wrt achieving the design performance.
However, in several key areas, more work is needed before the design can be blessed”
“The Committee, in consultation with the SuperB team, established a list of topics that are
essential for the team to address before the Mini-MAC will be in a position to state with
confidence that the machine can achieve its physics goals. It is the Committee’s opinion
that these items can be prioritized in such a way that the machine feasibility can be
judged six months from now”
“Local food is excellent”
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
59
ECFA, CSG
 After a presentation to ECFA, a SuperB subcommittee chaired
by Tatsuya Nakada was formed
 Report to be presented at next RECFA meeting on Nov. 28
 Presentation to CERN Strategy Group is anticipated in December
 If these milestones are passed successfully, next step is to
formally seek funding from the Italian ministry and the EU
 INFN has formally requested the PEP-II and
BABAR components
from SLAC and DOE
 Approval will be contingent on European funding decisions
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
60
Conclusions
 High statistics flavor physics at an e+e- collider will likely provide information
crucial to the understanding of new physics found at LHC
 The data sample needed is in the range 50-75 ab-1
 SuperB, with an initial luminosity of 1036 cm-2s-1 can provide such a sample in
the canonical five years
 The low emittance crabbed waist design of SuperB allows
 Very high luminosity with a power bill less than existing machines
 Detector backgrounds that can be coped with using existing
technology
 A longitudinally polarized electron beam that facilitates measurements
of or searches for, t EDM, CPV and anomalous moment
 The capability of running at lower center-of-mass energies
 The achievable levels of sensitivity in rare b, c and t decays allow substantial
coverage in the parameter space of new physics
 There is, of course, overlap with the programs of LHC flavor experiments such
as LHCb, but the e+e- environment makes possible a substantial number of unique
and important physics objectives, especially in those areas most sensitive to new
physics, such as LFV, FCNC, decays involving (multi) neutrals,
D0 D0 mixing and CPV, …..
 We are working towards a turn-on date of 2015 or 2016
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
61
David Hitlin
Fermilab
Nov. 19, 2008
62