Transcript The Enlightenment - Irving`s World History Wiki

The Enlightenment
BIG Idea: Philosophers of the 18th
century began to apply the scientific
method to all human ideas and
practices, especially politics.
By Sam Irving
Social Contract Theory
People agree to give up some
freedom in exchange for safety and
order.
My right to swing my fist ends where your
face begins.
Describe this government.
Thomas Hobbes
Wrote “Leviathan”
People are violent and chaotic.
Without absolute monarchy, life would
be “nasty, brutish, and short.”
John Locke
Empiricism: all knowledge comes
from what we experience through our
senses.
People are reasonable, moral, and
have natural rights including life,
liberty, and property.
Limited government to protect natural
rights or be overthrown.
Montesquieu
Believed in natural
rights.
Separation of
governmental
powers.
Voltaire
“I do not agree with a word you say,
but I will defend to the death your
right to say it.”
– Free Speech
Rousseau
Anti-Enlightenment
– Stressed emotion
General will over individual rights
– Social contract
– Employed by democracy & fascism
Works Cited
Crooke, Andrew. Frontispiece of Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan. 1651.
Private collection, London. Web. 1 Nov. 2009
<http://tempcontretemps.wordpress.com/2009/04/>.
Elton John and Eminem. Private collection. Web. 1 Nov. 2009
<http://i39.tinypic.com/2pruv6a.jpg>.
Farah, Mounir A., and Andrea B. Karls. World History The Human
Experience. New York: Glencoe/McGraw Hill, 1999. 521-30. Print.
Government Tree. Private collection. Web. 1 Nov. 2009
<http://library.thinkquest.org/J0110221/gov_tree3.gif>.
Humpback Whale. Private collection. Web. 1 Nov. 2009
<http://andrewishak.com/whales/>.
Killer Whales. Private collection. Web. 1 Nov. 2009
<http://andrewishak.com/whales/>.
n0b0dy. Punch Out! Private collection. Web. 1 Nov. 2009
<http://media.photobucket.com/image/punch%20out/n0b0dy_/iiebfjs
c.gif?o=46>.
qjacker. Koala Punch Out. Private collection. Web. 1 Nov. 2009
<http://media.photobucket.com/image/punch%20out/qjacker/005r80
1t.gif?o=48>.
Activity: The Classroom Contract
ELT: Give examples of how
philosophical beliefs have influenced
society.
What’s the ideal social contract
between teachers and students?