Transcript FIT & WELL Introduction to Wellness, Fitness, and Lifestyle Management Chapter 1

FIT & WELL
Introduction to Wellness, Fitness,
and Lifestyle Management
Chapter 1
CHOICES
• Do the choices we make really impact our
health and well-being?
• Consequences of our choices.
What foods do you choose to eat?
How much sleep do you choose to get?
How much physical activity do you engage in?
How much time do you choose to study?
We all have choices. What we do today, impacts
tomorrow!
WHAT IS HEALTH?
• World Health Organization – “Health is a state of
complete physical, emotional and social health, not
merely the freedom from disease and illness.”
Health can be described as a temporary state
resulting from the ability of an individual to balance
physical, mental, intellectual, social and spiritual
dimensions in a way that makes him/her happy,
satisfied and productive.
HEALTH
• Some aspects can be
influenced by factors out of
your control – genes, age,
family history.
WELLNESS
• High level wellness is a
dynamic approach to health
enhancement that
emphasizes positive health
behaviors and preventive
practices.
• It is an ongoing process. A
way of life.
• IT IS LARGELY
DETERMINED BY THE
DECISIONS YOU MAKE!
WELLNESS
Emotional
Mental
Physical
Wellness
Occupational
Environmental
Spiritual
Social
Components of Wellness
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Emotional – Feelings, positive self-concept, optimism, trust, determination,
dedication, persistence. Being emotionally healthy is handling life’s unexpected
challenges and problems effectively. Negative emotions can affect the immune
system.
Mental – Thoughts, sense of humor, ability to think critically, creativity, curiosity,
openness to new ideas. The mind has a substantial influence over the body.
Social – Meaningful relationships, network of friends and family, friendly,
compassionate, supportive, good listener. Socially healthy people can interact
well with others.
Spiritual – Set of beliefs, principles, values that give meaning or purpose to life,
faith in something beyond oneself. Spiritual health helps to achieve a sense of
inner peace, confidence.
Physical – Cardiovascular health, body composition, strength, flexibility,
endurance. Most often associated with physical health.
Occupational – Having a career or job that is satisfying, enjoyable.
Environmental – Safe surroundings, protection from noise, air, and water
pollution, landfills.
Leading Causes of Death –
Then and Now
• 1900’s – Average Life Expectancy in U.S. was 47 years old.
• Causes of death – Acute diseases that were infectious, such as
pneumonia, tuberculosis, influenza, diphtheria, polio, and
kidney diseases.
• TODAY – Average life expectancy is 77.8 years old.
• Causes of death – Chronic diseases such as coronary heart
disease, cancer, strokes (#1,2,3), hypertension,
atherosclerosis, diabetes, emphysema, and cirrhosis of the
liver.
THESE ARE DISEASES RELATED TO LIFESTYLE BEHAVIORS!
CHOICES WE MAKE!
What Has Changed?
• Decrease in physical activity.
• Increase in food consumption
and portion sizes.
• Technology
• Advancements in medicine
~ 55% of U.S. adults do not
engage in the recommended
amounts of physical
activity.
~ 15% of Americans are
not active at all.
Today’s Lifestyle
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Adults
Drive to work.
Sit at computer.
Drive home.
Watch TV.
2004 Study by Centers for
Disease Control – Women have
increased daily caloric intake by
22% -1542 calories to 1877
calories. (1971-2000)
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Children
Surf the Internet.
Video games.
Motorized toys.
Watch TV.
Men have increased their
intake by 7%, from 2450
calories to 2618 calories, per
day.
FACTS
• 67% of American adults are overweight or
obese.
• Health care expenditures have increased
dramatically.
– 1950, U.S. Health care costs were $12
billion.
– 2002, U.S. Health care costs were $1.6
trillion.
• U.S. spends more per person (about $5,317
in 2005) than any other industrialized nation.
• For Americans, approximately the last 11
years of life are spent impaired.
Where are we going?
Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults
BRFSS, 1991, 1996, 2003
(*BMI 30, or about 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” person)
1991
1996
2003
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
Source: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, CDC.
20%–24%
≥25%
Lifestyle and Wellness
• More time watching TV = increased risk of obesity
and diabetes
Lifestyle and Wellness
• Cigarette smoking = increased risk of lung cancer
Lifestyle and Wellness
• Low intake of
fruits and
vegetables =
increased risk
of heart
disease
Healthy People 2010
• It is a set of objectives for the health of the nation to be
achieved over the first decade of the new century. 2010 builds
on initiatives that have been going on over the past two
decades. It is designed to achieve two overall goals.
• 1. Increase Quality and Years of Healthy Life
• 2. Eliminate Health Disparities
• We may think that the choices we make affect only ourselves,
but the U.S. government also has an interest in the health of all
Americans. A healthy population is the nation’s greatest
resource, the source of its wealth and strength. On the other
hand, a nation that is not healthy drains the nation’s resources
and raises national health care costs.
Benefits of Physical Activity
BEHAVIOR CHANGE PLAN
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Ability to change unhealthy behaviors comes from within.
Education and life’s experiences can assist us in the process to change.
Increase your awareness of the risks with certain behaviors, i.e. smoking,
inappropriate use of drugs, alcohol, lack of attention to dietary needs, unsafe
habits.
LOCUS OF CONTROL
The figurative “place” a person designates as the source of responsibility
for the events in his or her life.
Internal – A belief that you can make a difference and can control or
positively influence your state of health and fitness.
External – A belief that factors beyond your control are impacting and
controlling your life. Heredity, family history, environment, fate, luck,
friends, family.
TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL
Prochaska, 1979
• Pre-contemplation (I
• Action (I am) – Actively
can’t or I won’t)–
attempting to change.
Resistant and unwilling to
This stage requires the
change behavior within
greatest commitment of
the next 6 months.
time and energy.
• Contemplation (I may) –
• Maintenance (I still am)–
Considering change in
Actively living the
the future. (<6 mo.)
changed behavior (<5
• Preparation (I will) –
years)
Gathering information
• Termination – Maintained
and getting ready to
the changed behavior of
change in the immediate
over 5 years.
future (<1 mo.)
MAKING THE CHANGE
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CHOOSE A Problem Behavior
LEARN Your Actions and Behaviors
ESTABLISH Personal Goals and Objectives
PREPARE a Plan of Action
IMPLEMENT Your Plan
REVALUATE and Modify Your Plan
Tip of the Day!
Change develops one step at a time!
Make a commitment today to your total
well being!