Transcript INPE: Space R&D for Brazil in the 21st Century "We went to explore the Moon, and in fact discovered the Earth."

INPE: Space R&D for Brazil in the 21st Century
"We went to explore the Moon, and in
fact discovered the Earth." Eugene Cernan
photo: NASA
A visionary on space programs in developing
countries ....
Dr. Vikram Sarabhai (ISRO´s founder)
"There are some who question the relevance
of space activities in a developing nation. To
us, there is no ambiguity of purpose. We do
not have the fantasy of competing with the
economically advanced nations in the
exploration of the moon or the planets or
manned space-flight. But we are convinced
that if we are to play a meaningful role
nationally, and in the community of nations,
we must be second to none in the application
of advanced technologies to the real problems
of man and society."
National projects – Brazil 1950-2010
1950s
1970s
Itaipu, Angra, Embraer,
Foreign dept, export substitution
Industrialization, Petrobrás
1990s
2010s
Privatization, superavit,
Economic stability
Amazônia, biofuels, Brazil in G-20
Traditional development economics
Raul Prebisch (CEPAL): the terms of
trade between industrialised and nonindustrialised countries change over time
Countries that export commodities would be
able to buy fewer and fewer manufactured
goods
What would Prebisch say today?
1992 IBM ThinkPad 700,
Windows 3.1, 25 MHz 486
processor, 120 MB hard disk
drive, 10.4″ display, 3 kg
2009 Lenovo ThinkPad T500,
Windows Vista, Intel® Core™2
Duo processor (2.26GHz), 14.1”
display, 3 kg, 160 GB Hard Disk.
1992 – US$ 4,350
2009 – US$ 750
What would Prebisch say today?
Price for a ton of iron ore
1992 – US$ 29
2009 – US$ 140
source: www.indexmundi.com/commodities
What happened? Terms of trade changed
China effect: Transfer of factories to China has reduced the
price of manufactured goods and increased demand for
commodities
Graph: G. Câmara, INPE Idea: J. Furtado, USP
Brazil: a natural knowledge economy?
Brazil´s innovation system is in large part built upon its
natural and environmental resources, endowments
and assets.
Brazil: a natural knowledge economy?
We tend to regard a comparative advantage based on
natural resources as indicative of an economy at a
relatively immature stage in its development, one
that must be outgrown if it is to reach and start
expanding the frontiers of technological possibility.
The Brazilian case, we suggest, challenges this linear
view.
Brazil: a natural knowledge economy
Deforestation cut by 300% (2005-09)
World leader in tropical agriculture
Best technology in biofuels
46% of energy is renewable
Prebisch´s paradox
source: CH Brito Cruz (FAPESP)
Brazil´s natural knowledge economy offers more opportunities
for internal R&D than our manufacturing industry
Energy
Agriculture
Ecosystems
Space technology can add value to Brazil´s natural
knowledge economy
Megacities
Climate change
Weather and natural
disasters
A Vision for INPE in the 21st Century
Brazil will be an environmental power and the first
developed nation in the tropics
INPE will be a world-class centre in Space and
Environment R&D for the tropical region
CBERS
GPM_BR
INPE is unique: we are efficient users of the data
produced by the satellites we build and receive
Mapping deforestation
Weather forecasts
INPE: CONVERTING DATA INTO KNOWLEDGE
SATELLITES
Earth observation, scientific,
and data collection satellites
GROUND SYSTEMS
Satellite control, reception, processing
and distribution of satellite data
ANALYSIS AND MODELLING
Space Weather, Weather Prediction
and Earth System Science
SOCIETAL BENEFITS
Innovative products
to meet Brazil´s needs
Space Geophysics(6)
Remote Sensing (6)
Meteorology (6)
INPE combines research and applications
B1-low
Astrophysics(4)
Space Engineering(5)
Computing (4)
Earth System Science
(5)
Earth observation at INPE :
understanding changes in Brazil
Monitoring Deforestation in Amazonia
CBERS image
Degradation
Deforestation
Science (27 April 2007): “Brazil´s monitoring system is the envy of
the world”.
Sugarcane crop mapping
Detailed estimates of sugarcane crop areas
Open access data policy: a qualified success
CBERS@INPE:
1 million images (2004-2009)
LANDSAT @USGS:
1 million images (Jan-Aug-2009)
GMES Sentinels @ESA-EC:
Data will be open access (Sep 2009)
Space Weather Monitoring at INPE
Ionospheric scintillation
Numerical Weather Prediction at INPE
Media Info
Global
PCDWeather Data
Supercomputer
Numerical Weather
Products
Forecast Preparation
Santa Catarina disaster – November 2008
Rain forecast by INPE for Santa Catarina disaster 2008
(Current regional model 20km - maximum 150mm in 3 days)
Model with better resolution (5 km) and physics, to be run in new
supercomputer (max of 400 mm in 3 days)
Climate Change Modelling
Data
GHG
Emissions
Public
Policies
Supercomputer
B1-low
Regional scenarios
Earth system science at INPE: linking nature
and society
Nature: Math equations
describe physical processes
Society: Decisions on how to
use Earth´s resources
MMP (CENIC, MECTRON, FibraForte, Atech)
CBERS solar panels (ORBITAL)
INPE is Brazil´s main driver of innovation in space
technology
Camara MUX-Free (OPTO)
CBERS onboard computer (OMNISYS)
INPE’s space technology agenda
“Global EO” – Brazil as global player in earth
observation
Bilateral agreements
(China, Argentina, USA)
Multilateral Agreements
(CEOS, GEO)
Brazilian land imaging satellites
100
MUX CBERS-3/4
50
Revisit (days)
Forest mapping
CCD CBERS-2/3/4
MUX
CBERS-5/6
10
BRSAR modo 2
Land Use
Description
Deforestation
detection
BRSAR modo 1
5
AWFI
CBERS-5/6
AWFI AWFI CBERS-3/4
Amazonia-1
WFI CBERS-2
Mapping
Agriculture
1
1
5
10
50
Resolution (metres)
100
500
1000
CEOS Virtual Constellations
Common requirements, independent satellites, compatible data
(CEOS – Committee on Earth Observation Systems)
Atmospheric Composition
Land Surface Imaging
Air quality, CO2
(Brazil: Lattes)
ecosystem monitoring
(Brazil: CBERS, Amazonia)
Ocean Surface Topography
Precipitation
climate variability
weather forecasts
(Brazil: GPM-BR)
Ocean Color Radiometry
Ocean Surface Vector
Wind
marine ecosystems
(Brazil: SABIA-MAR)
weather forecasts
CBERS-4
CBERS-3
Amazônia-1
Lattes-1
CBERS-5
GPM
Amaz-2
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
Brazilian Satellites: 2011-2020
CBERS-6
Lattes-2
SABIA-2
SABIA
CBERS
Multi-mission
bus
BR-SAR
SGB
GEO
CBERS: example of South-South cooperation
CBERS-2B launch (19 September 2007)
CBERS program timeline
99
CBERS-1
2001
Set/99
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
2017
2019
2021
Mar/03
CBERS-2
Out/03
Mar/09
CBERS-2B
Set/07
CBERS-3
CBERS-4
CBERS-5
CBERS-6
Abr/10
Out/11
Set/14
Set/17
Set/20
2023
CBERS-2B HRC (PAN - 2,7 m) + CCD (multispectral, 20 m)
Guarulhos Airport, Sao Paulo, March 2008
CBERS evolution
Mass
Power
Transmission rate
Vida útil (99%)
CBERS 1, 2, 2B
CBERS 3, 4
1450 kg
1980 kg
1100 W
166 Mbps
2300 W
303 Mbps
2 anos
3 anos
CBERS-3 construction (2008-2010)
President Lula in Beijing inspecting CBERS-3 construction (20-05-2009)
CBERS as a global satellite
Miyun
Urumchi
Aswan
Maspalomas
Ghuangzhou
Chetumal
Bangcoc
Boa Vista
Gabon(?)
Nairobi(?)
Darwin(?)
Cuiabá
Alice Springs (?)
Jo´burg
CBERS ground stations will cover most of the Earth’s land
mass between 300N and 300S
Multimission platform
Common support for Earth Observation mini-satellites
Orbits from 600 to 1200 km
Payload:280 kg Plataform: 250 kg
Amazônia-1: MMP´s first mission (2011)
AWFI
Spectral bands(m)
Resolution (m)
Swath (km)
Global revisit (days)
Optical land imaging satellite
Covers the Earth´s land mass every 5 days
0,45-0,52 B
0,52-0,59 G
0,63-0,69 R
0,77-0,89 NIR
40
780
5
LATTES (EQUARS and MIRAX)
MIRAX: Hard and soft X-rays
EQUARS
Stratosphere temperature
Ionospheric bubbles
GPS occultation
Global Precipitation Mission (GPM-BR)
Microwave Sensor
Brazilian contribution to
GPM constellation
Lighting Detector
Near-equatorial
orbit
BRSAR: Land Imaging SAR
SAR L-band multi-polarization
Amazonia all-weather monitoring
5 days with 30m resolution
24 days with 10m resolution
SABIA-MAR
16 bands : 350-2130nm
Swath 2800 km
Resolution: 1 km
Cooperation Brazil-Argentina
Ocean colour measurement
BRMET (Geostationary meteorological satellite)
Brazil needs images and meteorological data with operational
coverage every 15 minutes
Data from satellites from US (GOES) and Europe (METEOSAT) are
not enough to fullfil Brazil´s needs
BRMET (Geostationary meteorological satellite)
Precipation measurements
Sea surface temperature
BRMET: Improvements in weather forecasts
LIT – Integration and Tests Laboratory
Complete infrastructure for assembly and qualification of satellites
70 000 man-hours per year of industrial tests
CBERS-2B integration (2006-2007)
Integration and Tests Laboratory
Testing MMP in INPE-LIT (2008)
Brazilian satellites and their applications
CBERS
AMAZONIA
BRSAR
SABIA-MAR
LATTES
GPM
GEO-MET
source: AEB
Challenges in INPE´s space program
On-board computer
20 month delay
Telemetry transmitter
24 month delay
EUA deny exports of electronic components to the Brazilian
space program: 2 year delay in CBERS-3
World Research Centers: Impact and Visibility
INPE: only Brazilian institute in top 100
Source: Cybermetrics Lab, Spain
Source: Euroconsult (2009)
Earth observation and scientific programs dominate public R&D
investment for non-manned space programs
INPE´s budget: 2002-2010 (R$ million)
Sources: Euroconsult (2009) and G. Camara
Govern´t R&D in Earth Observation (M US$)
Challenge: Brasil needs to reach India and France
(From today´s US$ 100 M to US$ 250 M)
A visionary of the Brazilian space program...
Dr. Fernando Mendonça (INPE´s founder)
“We want to build an intellectual elite
at the highest level, capable of
breaking Brazil's dependence on
foreign technology. We need people
with knowledge and ideas on how to
develop Brazil, who are quick to grasp
the future paths of science, and who
are conscious of their role in major
government decisions”.
Veja, 12/03/1969