Transcript Perspectivas INPE: 2005-2009

A vision for the future of
INPE in the 21st century
Gilberto Câmara, Director General
National Institute for Space Research
(INPE)
Brazil
A vision to follow....
Dr. Vikram Sarabhai (father of Indian space program)
"There are some who question the
relevance of space activities in a
developing nation. To us, there is no
ambiguity of purpose. We do not have
the fantasy of competing with the
economically advanced nations in the
exploration of the moon or the planets
or manned space-flight. But we are
convinced that if we are to play a
meaningful role nationally, and in the
community of nations, we must be
second to none in the application of
advanced technologies to the real
problems of man and society. "
A Vision for INPE in the 21st Century
Brazil will be an environmental power and the first
developed nation in the tropics
INPE will be a world-class centre in Space and
Environment R&D for the tropical region
INPE: CONVERTING DATA INTO KNOWLEDGE
SATELLITES
Earth observation, scientific,
and data collection satellites
GROUND SYSTEMS
Satellite control, Reception, processing
and distribution of satellite data
ANALYSIS AND MODELLING
Space Weather, Weather Prediction
and Earth System Science
SOCIETAL BENEFITS
Innovative products
to society
INPE’s space technology agenda
“Global EO” – Brazil as global player in earth
observation
Bilateral agreements
(China, Germany, UK)
Multilateral Agreements
(CEOS, GEO)
CEOS Virtual Constellations
Common requirements, independent satellites, comparable data
(CEOS – Committee on Earth Observation Systems)
Athmospheric Chemistry
Land Imaging
Air quality, CO2
(Brasil: CBERS, Amazonia-1)
Ocean Surface Topography
Precipitation
Climatic variability
(Brasil: GPM-BR)
Ocean Colour
Ocean Surface Winds
(Brasil: SABIA-MAR)
Land Imaging Constellation
TERRA (ASTER & MODIS)
IRS
LANDSAT
RESOURCESAT
ALOS
SAC-C
SPOT
CBERS
7
Ocean Surface Topography Constellation
Average Rate = 3.5 mm/year
(1993-2006)
SLR IPCC 2001:
1.8 mm/year
8
CBERS-3
Lattes-1
GPM-BR
Amazônia-2
CBERS-6
Lattes-2
SABIA-2
SABIA
MAPSAR
CBERS
Plataforma
Multi-missão
GEO Met BR
Geostac.
2020
2019
2018
2017
CBERS-5
CBERS-4
Amazônia-1
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
Satellites 2010-2020
Satellites for Forestry and Agriculture
100
Technology 2000
MUX CBERS-3/4
50
Revisit (days)
Forestry Mapping
CCD CBERS-2/3/4
10
MUX
CBERS-5/6
Land Use
Description
CBERS-SAR-2
Technology 2008
Technology 2015
Deforestation
Detection
CBERS-SAR-1
5
AWFI
CBERS-5/6
AWFI CBERS-3/4
AWFI
Amaz-1/2
WFI CBERS-2
Agriculture
Mapping
1
1
5
10
50
Resolution (metres)
100
500
1000
CBERS: satellites for the public good
CBERS-2B Launch (19 September 2007)
CBERS Program Timeline
99
CBERS-1
2001
Set/99
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
2017
2019
2021
Mar/03
CBERS-2
Out/03
CBERS-2B
(em oper)
CBERS-3
(em fabric)
CBERS-4
(em fabric)
CBERS-5
(planej)
CBERS-6
(planej)
Mar/09
Set/07
Jun/11
Set/14
Set/17
Set/20
2023
LIT – Integration and Tests Lab
Complete infrastructure for assembly, integration and tests of satellites
70,000 man-hours per year for industrial testing
Integration of CBERS-2B in INPE (2006-2007)
Assembly, integration and test (AIT) facilities at INPE
CBERS platform
Mass
Electrical Power
Payload Bit Rate
Lifetime
CBERS 1, 2, 2B
CBERS 3, 4
1450 kg
1980 kg
1100 W
166 Mbps
2300 W
303 Mbps
2 years
3 years
LIT: New anechoic chamber(2009)
CBERS-3 Construction (2008-2010)
President Lula's visit to CAST - CBERS-3 engineering model of the (20-05-2009)
CBERS-3,4 Work Share
China
Brazil
TCS - Thermal Control
Structure
AOCS - Attitude Control *
EPSS - Electrical Power Supply **
OBDH - Onboard Data Handling *
TTCS – Service Telecommunications **
SCS - System Circuitry
MUX camera (20m)
PAN camera (5m)
WFI-2 camera (73m)
IRS camera (40m)
DDR – Data Recorder
SEM – Space Environment
DCS – Data Collecting
PIT – Data Transmitter
MWT – Data Transmitter
CBERS 3 – 4 Cameras
Visible – Near IR
Short wave IR
Thermal IR
Reflected IR
AWFI 60 m (720 km)
IRMSS 40 m (120 km)
CCD 20 m (120 km)
MUX 5/10 m(60 km)
0.4 0.5
0.7
0.9
China
1.5
1.7
2.1
2.3
Brasil
3.5
3.7
3.9
10
12
µm
CBERS industrial contracts
Company
OPTO
R$ 85.100.052.10
OMNISYS
R$ 3.040.614.08
OMNISYS
R$ 10.188.733.26
AEROELETRONICA
R$ 24.704.596.56
CENIC
R$ 49.442.106.58
MECTRON
R$ 11.664.560.07
OPTO/EQUATORIAL
R$ 60.589.870.55
OMNISYS
R$ 39.976.407.51
MECTRON
R$ 7.858.848.00
NEURON
R$ 2.772.054.75
OMNISYS
R$ 14.884.414.17
ORBITAL
R$ 5.319.287.59
ORBISAT
R$ 800.000.00
FUNCATE
R$ 329.560.00
CENIC
R$ 3.459.986.00
R$ 320.131.091.22
Multimission platform
A common support for different Earth observation missions
600 a 1200 km orbit altitude
300 kg payload and 250 kg platform
Amazônia-1 (cooperation with UK)
AWFI
0,45-0,52 B
Spectral Bands(m)
0,52-0,59 G
0,63-0,69 R
0,77-0,89 NIR
Spatial resolution(m)
Ground swath(km)
40
780
5
Revisit (days)
Global land imaging every 3 days together with CBERS-3
(RAL-UK will alsoinclude a 10-meter camera)
PMM: Contratos industriais
Estrutura
CENIC
Propulsão
FIBRAFORTE
Suprimento Energia MECTRON
Telemetria de
Serviço
MECTRON
Gerenciamento das
tarefas acima
ATECH
Controle de atitude
INVAP
Câmera AWFI
OPTO
Testes da PMM no INPE-LIT (2008)
Brazilian optical camera technology
Amazônia-1 AWFI
(R$ 38 M)
CBERS-AWFI
(R$ 60 M)
40 m resolution
780 km swath
60 m resolution
720 km swath
CBERS-CCD
(R$ 85 M)
120 km swath
20m res
RAL-CAM 3 (UK contribution
to Amazonia-1)
Pixels in the array 8,800
Resolution
11.9m
Size (mm3)
750x145x145
Mass (kg)
9.95
Power
17V 1A (max)
Spectral Bands
470-570nm (short)
500-600nm (medium)
600-700nm (long)
NIR 780-880nm
Contrato ACDH - INVAP
ARSAT (satelite geoestacionário)
Preço e Qualidade
Acesso à tecnologia
Reuso nos demais satélites da PMM
Motivação da equipe do INPE
Teste estrutural do SAC-D no LIT
(2008)
LATTES (EQUARS and MIRAX)
MIRAX: Hard and soft X-rays
EQUARS
Temperatura na Estratosfera
Bolhas ionosféricas
Vapor d’água na Troposfera
Global Precipitation Mission (GPM-BR)
Brazilian contribution to GPM
constellation
Passive
Microwave
Sensor
Lighting Detector
Near-equatorial orbit
SABIA-MAR
16 bands : 350-2130nm
Swath 2800 km
Resolution: 1 km
Brasil-Argentina cooperation
Ocean colour measurement
MAPSAR (Brazilian SAR)
Agriculture
Global monitoring of
terrestrial ecosystems
L-band multi-polarized
Amazonia
MAPSAR operation modes
ScanSAR
Swath: 560km
Resolution: 30 m x 30 m
Global revisit: 5 dias
Polarization: HH+HV
StripMAP
Swath: 115km
Resolution: 14 m x 14 m
Global revisit: 25 dias
Polarization: HH+HV
CBSAR Operational Capabilities:
Amazonia in 5 days with 30 m resolution
BRMET (Geostationary Meteorological Satellite)
Brazil needs images and meteorological data with operational
coverage (every 15 minutes)
American (GOES) and European (Meteosat) satellites does not
meet the needs of Brazil
BRMET (Geostationary Meteorological Satellite)
BRMET
(50 W)
BRMET: satellite dedicated to the observation of South America
BRMET (Geostationary Meteorological Satellite)
Precipitação por satélite
Temperatura superfície mar
BRMET: Better weather forecasts and improved service to society
CBERS 05/06: Preliminary proposal
Continuity of CBERS optical data
Medium resolution (5-20 m)
Frequent Coverage
Câmeras do CBERS 5 – 6 (em discussão)
Visible – Near IR
Medium wave IR
Short wave IR
Thermal IR
IRMSS 20 m (120 km)
AWFI-2 20 m (720 km)
MUX 5/10 m
(120 km)
0.4 0.5
0.7
0.9
1.5
1.7
2.1
2.3
3.5
3.7
3.9
10
12
µm
Built by China
Built by Brazil
INPE: CONVERTING DATA INTO KNOWLEDGE
SATELLITES
Earth observation, scientific,
and data collection satellites
GROUND SYSTEMS
Satellite control, Reception, processing
and distribution of satellite data
ANALYSIS AND MODELLING
Space Weather, Weather Prediction
and Earth System Science
SOCIETAL BENEFITS
Innovative products
to society
INPE´s ground systems
Cuiaba image reception
station
Satellite control center (São José)
Earth observation: key to understand changes in Brazil
CBERS-2B HRC (PAN - 2,7 m) + CCD (multispectral, 20 m)
Guarulhos Airport, Sao Paulo, March 2008
CBERS-2B HRC (PAN - 2,7 m) + CCD (multispectral, 20 m)
São Felix do Xingu, Pará, June 2008
Image Distribution: CBERS and LANDSAT (2004-2008)
User institutions (51% are private companies)
16,000
CBERS in Private Farm Management
“CBERS brought the freedom to have data
immediately available when you need it.”
CBERS as a global satellite
Miyun
Urumchi
Aswan
Maspalomas
Ghuangzhou
Chetumal
Bangcoc
Boa Vista
Gabon(?)
Nairobi(?)
Darwin(?)
Cuiabá
Alice Springs (?)
Jo´burg
CBERS ground stations will cover most of the Earth’s land
mass between 300N and 300S
“A few satellites can cover the entire globe, but there needs
to be a system in place to ensure their images are readily
available to everyone who needs them. Brazil has set an
important precedent by making its Earth-observation data
available, and the rest of the world should follow suit.”
INPE: CONVERTING DATA INTO KNOWLEDGE
SATELLITES
Earth observation, scientific,
and data collection satellites
GROUND SYSTEMS
Satellite control, Reception, processing
and distribution of satellite data
ANALYSIS AND MODELLING
Space Weather, Weather Prediction
and Earth System Science
SOCIETAL BENEFITS
Innovative products
to society
R&D Programs at INPE (1)
Space Weather
Numerical Weather Prediction
Astrophysics
B1-low
A2-high
Climate Change and Earth System
Science
R&D Programs at INPE (2)
Mission-critical Technologies
Satellite Technology
Computer Science
Earth Observation
Monitoring Amazonia
Effects of Space Weather
Space Weather Monitoring
Cintilação ionosfera
R&D in Remote Sensing
road
Mudanças no Uso da Terra
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
deforestation
objects
R&D in Geoinformatics
Bancos de dados geográficos
Modelagem sociedade-natureza
Software livre: 100.000+ usuários cadastrados
Suporte ao monitoramento da Amazônia
Produção de cenários futuros
Numerical Weather Prediction at INPE
Forecast Preparation
Global Weather
PCD Data
Supercomputer
Numerical Weather
Products
Media Information
Performance evolution of INPE´s global weather prediction
model
Pollution (CO) from fires, industries and cars
CO Forecast – CPTEC
16-04-2008 valid for 17-04-2008
MODIS image
17-04-2008
INPE´s supercomputers and world´s TOP 500
#1 trend
Sum top 500
150 TF
2 TF
#500 trend
5 TF
40 GF
8 GF
INPE
(MPP equivalent
peak performance)
Rains in Santa Catarina – November 2008
Rain forecast by the ETA 20km model
(maximum of 150mm in 3 days.)
ETA model (5 km) with better cloud parametrization (Kain-Fritsch).
Rain forecast much closer to observations!
The fundamental question of our time
How is the Earth’s
environment changing, and
what are the consequences
for human civilization?
source: IGBP
How is the Earth’s
environment changing, and
what are the consequences for
human civilization?
Climate Change Modelling
LargeScale Data
CO2 Emissions
Megascenarios
PetaFlop Centres
Índice de Vegetação
B1-low
Regional Scenarios
Policy Options
Regional Centers
(e.g., INPE)
Earth system science provides crucial links between
nature and society
Nature: Physical equations
describe processes
Society: Decisions on how to
use Earth´s resources
Aumento dos extremos climáticos?
Aumento de número de dias com chuva > 10 mm
Average temp raised 0.70 C in 50 years in Brazil
source: Obregón and Marengo, 2007
Precipitation anomalies [(2071-2100)- (1961-90)] in mm/day
Seco
Seco
Seco
Seco
B2
A2
Climate change scenarios in Brazil
Quente
Quente
B2
Temperature anomalies [(2071-2100)- (1961-90)] in oC
A2
Impacts on Agriculture
Redução da área potencial em função do aumento da
temperatura entre 1 ºC e 5,8 ºC
Área Pontecial (1000 km2)
6000
Milho
5000
Feijão
4000
Arroz
3000
2000
Soja
1000
Café
Arábica
0
Atual
T + 1ºC
T + 3 ºC
Aumento na temperatura média
Fonte: Eduardo Assad, Embrapa
T + 5,8 ºC
Impacts on Water Availability in NE Brazil
Hidrological Balance – NE Brazil
1961-1990
Less Water for
Agriculture!
2071-2100
Source: Marengo and Salati, 2007
INPE: CONVERTING DATA INTO KNOWLEDGE
SATELLITES
Earth observation, scientific,
and data collection satellites
GROUND SYSTEMS
Satellite control, Reception, processing
and distribution of satellite data
ANALYSIS AND MODELLING
Space Weather, Weather Prediction
and Earth System Science
SOCIETAL BENEFITS
Innovative products
to society
INPE´s contributions to society
Energy
Ecosystems
Agriculture
Health
Climate
Disasters
Urban Mngt
INPE´s products
Social benefits of Brazilian Satellites
CBERS
AMZ-1

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Agriculture

Disasters













Climate
BRMET


Health
Urban Mngt
BRSAR

Energy
Ecosystems
GPM-BR SABIA


Weather forecasts
Produtos numéricos
Previsão de tempo
Previsão climática sazonal
Air quality
Previsão de qualidade do ar (CO)
16-04-2008 valida for 17-04-2008
Verificação por imagem MODIS
17-04-2008
PRODES: Clear-cut deforestation mapping
~230 scenes
Landsat/year
Yearly detailed estimates of clear-cut areas
DETER: Real-time Deforestation Monitoring
15-day alerts of newly deforested large areas
International credibility helps…
“Today, Brazil’s monitoring system is
the envy of the world. INPE has its
own remote sensing satellite, a joint
effort with China, that allows it to
publish yearly totals of deforested
land that scientists regard as
reliable.”
TerraAmazon
Transparency builds governance
Transparency builds governance
500.000 registrations
46 million protests
CANASAT: Sugar cane area mapping
State
Área (ha) for 2007-2008
Crop
Reform
Total
Goiás
308.840
19.451
328.291
Minas Gerais
463.007
20.159
483.166
Mato Grosso
217.762
19.913
237.675
Mato Grosso do
Sul
212.551
14.406
226.957
Paraná
514.678
26.525
541.203
São Paulo
3.946.370
278.201
4.224.571
Total
5.663.208
378.655
6.041.863
Espaço e Sociedade: Geoinformática em suporte a
políticas públicas
Mapeamento de violência urbana
Saúde Pública
Hepatite-B em Macapá
Software livre para gestão cidades
Challenge: increasing space R&D in Brazil
País
EUA
Agência
NASA
Orçamento Anual
(US$ milhões)
17.300
Europa
ESA
3.000
China
CNSA
2.000
Japão
JAXA
1.800
Índia
ISRO
1.300
Brasil
AEB
120
Dados de 2008
O INPE produz cada vez mais...
...mas enfrenta um risco grave: gente!
Cérebros, cérebros, cérebros!
Não temos para quem transmitir nossa experiência!
INPE´s Budget-2002-2009 (BRL)
INPE´s Budget-2002-2009 (BRL)
Some lessons from INPE´s history
EO data: benefits to everyone
Develop research and applications before satellites
Focus on Earth Observation and Environment
Science and engineering belong together