Social, Ecological and Agricultural Resilience in the Face of Climate Change (SEARCH) المرونة االجتماعية و البيئية و الزراعية في مواجهة التغير المناخي Marj Sanour.
Download ReportTranscript Social, Ecological and Agricultural Resilience in the Face of Climate Change (SEARCH) المرونة االجتماعية و البيئية و الزراعية في مواجهة التغير المناخي Marj Sanour.
Social, Ecological and Agricultural Resilience in the Face of Climate Change (SEARCH) المرونة االجتماعية و البيئية و الزراعية في مواجهة التغير المناخي Marj Sanour Watershed Palestine فلسطين- حوض مرج صانور Marj Sanour مرج صانور • • • • • Marj Sanour is located in the northern part of West Bank within Jenin governorate area. Marj Sanour watershed forms a unique closed watershed in the West Bank. The catchment area of Marj Sanour covers about 59 Km2 , lake area 16 Km2. Lands of Marj Sanour are mainly owned by some of the residents of the seven surrounding villages. The population of these villages reaches about 30,000 inhabitants. Rainfall is precipitated on the area from October to May, while it ranges between 400 to 1200 mm with an average of 634 mm. •يقع مرج صانور في شمال الضفة الغربية و يتبع اداريا لمحافظة جنين •يشكل مرج صانور حوضا مائيا سطحيا مغلقا يحاط بالجبال من جميع االتجاهات تحتل، 2 كم59 •مساحة الحوض الكلية حوالي بينما، 2 كم16 االرض السهلية (بحيرة المرج) حوالي .المساحة المتبقية تتشكل من الجبال و المرتفعات •اراضي مرج صانور مملوكة لسكان قرى المرج 30000 في حين يبلغ عدد سكان المنطقة,السبعه .نسمه •االمطار تتساقط على المنطقة من بداية شهر تشرين في حين يتراوح معدل االمطار،أول و لغاية شهر ايار ملم و1200 – 400 المتساقطة على الحوض ما بين . ملم634 بمعدل سنوي يصل الى حوالي Marj Sanour watershed; location and land use الموقع و استخدامات االراضي:حوض مرج صانور The Planning Cycle دورة التخطيط الرؤية التقييم المراجعه والتقييم االستراتيجيات التنفيذ التخطيط Stakeholder Analyses تحليل المعنيين Stakeholder Primary / Secondary Interest Role Farmers Primary Agricultural practices Implementing + Management Ministry of Agriculture Primary Following agricultural practices Policy, technology, fund, planning, implementing Weather data source Information Weather Department Secondary Environment Authority Primary Monitoring environmental issues Search + Evaluation Water Authority Primary Following water and sanitation sector Policy + Search + Fund + Technology +Evaluation Municipalities Primary Following people affairs Policy +Management + Fund +Evaluation Applying laws and conserving resources Policy (Monitoring) Coordination between all parties in the watershed Policy Police Governorate Secondary Primary Education Department Secondary Joint Council for water and sanitation primary Manage water and sanitation issues Policy +Search +Fund +Technology +Evaluation +Application Women centre Primary Consumers and awareness Application Charitable Association Secondary Helping poor people, and awareness Application Watershed Association Primary Improve livelihood situation Policy +Search +Fund +Technology +Evaluation +Application Well owners Primary Managing and operating agricultural wells Application Secondary Monitoring health issues Evaluation Monitoring infrastructure, municipalities and village councils Fund + Management +Evaluation Health directorate Local Governorate Directorate Primary Guidance and awareness pupils Guidance and awareness Stakeholder Analyses تحليل المعنيين تصنيف المعنيين Stakeholders categorization. تحديد أنماط المعنيين وظروف التفاعل بينهم Stakeholder Effectiveness تحليل العالقات بين المعنيين Coordination relations between stakeholders in the watershed Stakeholder 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Farmers Agriculture Directorate Environmental Directorate Water Authority Municipalities Governorate Joint Council for Water & Sanitation Women Centre Watershed Association Well Owners 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1- 2+ 2+ 1+ 2- +- 2+ 2+ 2- 2+ 2+ 2- 2+ 1+ 2- 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2- 2- 1- 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 1- 2+ 2+ 2+ .... 2+ 1+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ .... .... 2+ 1+ +- 2+ 2- .... .... .... 2+ 1- +- 2+ .... .... .... .... 1+ 1- 2+ .... .... .... .... .... 1+ 2+ .... .... .... .... .... .... 1- .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... Local Governorate Directorate 11 + 2 ... . ... . ... . ... . ... . ... . ... . ... . ... . .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 1 ... . ... . ... . ... . ... . ... . ... . ... . ... . ... . ... . Problem Tree Marj Sanour…………Flooding & Drought 2003 2011 Problem tree of Marj Sanour شجرة المشاكل لمرج صانور Climatic threats matrix of Marj Sanour watershed. مسببات و اثار المخاطر الناتجة عن العوامل المناخية في حوض مرج صانور Vulnerability sources Causes Human Natural Event Impacts Sector Intensive rain a Soil erosion in hilly areas Agriculture Natural closed watershed bounded by mountains a Flooding of downstream area Agriculture, and water Low permeable bed soil a Destruction of crops and trees Agriculture, and economic Lack of infrastructure against runoff in hilly areas a Destruction of infrastructure Flooding Un reclaimed hilly areas, and lack of water harvesting techniques a Reduction of rainfall a a Drought Increasing of Temperature Transfer of weed seeds and spreading of human and agricultural diseases Health, and social Water accumulation in downstream area Agriculture Shifting of winter season a a a Frost wave Clear sky Watershed nature Drought Reduction of abstracted water Agriculture Limited quantity of harvested rainwater Social Increasing of power consumption Social Over pumping Agriculture Watershed area Medium Agriculture Open areas Medium Industrial facilities Increasing of diseases Health Weak awareness on healthy and environmental issues Environmental pollution Environment Industrial facilities and the use of chemicals Social Social, and agriculture Social Agriculture High Over exploitation, and unsuitable storage facilities Flooding Environment Destruction of green houses Agricultural land Over pumping Agricultural diseases Increasing groundwater salinity Destruction of infrastructure (pipes and water meters) Farmers and local people Drought Over pumping Destruction of simple facilities Wind storms a a High Lack of water harvesting techniques Agriculture Water resources conflict Watershed nature Sudden change of temperature Plowing and wind Agriculture Agriculture Valley areas, downstream areas, and adjacent residential areas Weak awareness in protecting public infrastructure Lowering of groundwater level Limiting of used agricultural land Farmers and local people Agricultural pests, frost, wind, and drought Lack of land use strategy Agriculture Affected area Low permeability of bed soil Agriculture Degradation of agricultural production Affected category Lack of techniques Economic Inability to use the land Other causes of the same impact Degree of watershed Sensitivity to Climate variability Ownership conflict Human abuses and occupation military forces Human abuses Careless Adaptive capacity analysis تحليل القدرة على التكيف Risk Impacts Soil erosion Coping measure Planting trees Building stone retaining walls Avoid plowing steep lands Reverse plowing Effective but not enough Not enough Flood Flooding of Pump the water to agricultural lands and adjacent lands and inability to cultivate cultivate it Effectiveness Degree of the Suggested adaptation adaptive measure capacity Land reclamation and building new retaining walls Low Crop damage Re-cultivate the lands with summer crops Not enough Infrastructure damage Not enough Spread of diseases and weed seeds Build a drainage canal Rehabilitation Remove of weeds using chemicals and deep plowing Not enough Recharge wells Cultivate fodder crops Deep plowing Make the flooded lands a natural reserve Cultivate types of crops that are tolerant to flood water like Alfalfa Improve the roads and develop a drainage system Vulnerability assessment of the watershed تقييم الهشاشة لمنطفة حوض مرج صانور Vulnerability Assessment of the watershed Affected area/ sector Event Exposure Downstream area Water sources Plantation area and infrastructure Flood Drought Frost wave Wind storm High-As it is a closed watershed, runoff water from hilly areas drained and accumulated in downstream area. HighGroundwater that forms the main water source is directly affected by the precipitation quantity. Medium-The area suffers repeatedly from frost wave in winter months causing severe impacts on the area. MediumUnpredicted windstorms mostly cause damage of crops, and infrastructure. Degree of Sensitivity of the System Highdownstream area is very sensitive to flood. Degree of the adaptive capacity Low-suggested adaptation measures can only upgrade the system partially, and these options are costly. High-summer water needs already greater than production, and many regulatory problems face groundwater abstraction. MediumImpacts magnitude and affected areas change from year to year. Medium-There is ability to regulate groundwater exploitation. Some upgrade measures by now adopted but it is not enough. Medium-there is ability to upgrade the system by improving of the system, but it is considered costly for some people. Low- Some upgrades already adopted, but needs some modifications. Negative impacts mostly limited to some crops. Medium-some modifications can be applied to reduce the impacts. Vulnerability of the area High High Medium Medium Social map showing the vulnerable areas of Marj Sanour Rainfall of Meithaloun Station Maximum flood volume 1-2013 Resilience Vision الرؤية “Rural livelihoods in Marj Sanour watershed area are rescued through demonstrating effective ecosystem/watershed management tool and improving conjunctive use of both ground and surface water in order to improve agricultural practices”. ) " سبل المعيشة الريفية في حوض مرج صانور (منطقة المسقط المائي تم الحفاظ عليها من خالل االستخدام الفعال ألدوات إدارة النظام البيئي الحوض المائي وتحسن االستخدام المشترك لكال المياه الجوفية/ "والسطحية من أجل تحسين الممارسات الزراعية Principal Factors Affecting the Vision العوامل الرئيسية التي تؤثر على الرؤية • • • • • • • • Lack of development plan Lack of working staff interest Weakness of monitoring Shortage of infrastructure Political situation Weakness of community interest Availability of fund Climate change Factors’ Categorization مصفوفة لتقييم العوامل وفقا ألهميتها وعدم التأكد Increasing Importance More important and less uncertain -Lack of development plan -Shortage of infrastructure -Weakness of community interest Less important and less uncertain -Lack of working staff interest -Political situation More important and more uncertain -Availability of fund - Climate change Less important and more uncertain -Weakness of monitoring Increasing uncertainty of happening Possible Scenarios السناريوهات المحتمله • Scenario 1: Funding is available and there is a change in the climate. • Scenario 2: Funding is unavailable, but there is a change in the climate. • Scenario 3: Funding is available, but there is no change in the climate. • Scenario 4: Funding is unavailable and there is no change in the climate. Developing Resilience Strategies تطوير استرتيجيات المرونه • First: Diversity Strategy التنوع • Second: Self Organization Strategyالترتيب المؤسساتي • Third: Learning Strategy التعلم • Fourth: Sustainable infrastructure and technology Strategies البنية التحتية و التكنولوجيا المستدامه Project evaluation and ranking تقييم المشاريع Type of Projects Land Management Projects مشاريع ادارة االراضي Rainwater Harvesting Projects مشاريع الحصاد المائي Artificial Recharge Projects مشاريع تغ ية الميا الجوفية Water Transfer projects مشاريع نقل الميا Environment Economy Social Overall بيئيا اقتصاديا اجتماعيا الكلي Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank Score Rank 30.4% 1 60.8% 1 90.6% 2 53.8% 1 21.1% 2 59.9% 2 91.0% 1 48.9% 2 15.2% 4 46.0% 3 79.0% 3 41.0% 3 17.5% 3 13.7% 4 45.1% 4 24.3% 4 Pilot Projects المشاريع Project المشروع Water Harvesting حصاد مائي 2 Artificial Recharge Groundwater Wells بئرين لتغ ية الميا الجوفية Agricultural Water Pond (25000 m3) 3 م25000 بركه راعيه Water ponds & Land Rehabilitation Budget ( الميزانيهUS$) Spain 28000 Netherland 110000 Netherland 250000 Islamic Bank 3000000 Institution المؤسسه PHG PHG, UAWC PHG, UAWC MOA 2013 Thank You Marj Sanour Watershed Palestine فلسطين- حوض مرج صانور