Transcript Revelation of 5.12 Quake, Sichuan, China Part3 During the Quake Supercourse China http://www.SuperCourse.cn/ 2008-6-6 Outline • 3.1 Escape, self-help and mutual help for civilian For professional agencies •

Revelation of 5.12 Quake,
Sichuan, China
Part3 During the Quake
Supercourse China
http://www.SuperCourse.cn/
2008-6-6
Outline
• 3.1 Escape, self-help and mutual help for civilian
For professional agencies
• 3.2 Emergency response system
• 3.3 Search and rescue
• 3.4Medical assistance
• 3.5Response of public health sector
• 3.6Related work of state departments during
Wenchuan Quake
• 3.7 International Assistance
3.1 Escape, self-help and mutual help
Importance of self-help and mutual
help
• Civilians will play an important role in the rescue work if
proper trained.
• For instance, in the 1980’s earthquake occurred in the south
of Italy, 90% survivors were rescued by those untrained
people only with their hands and simple tools such as scoops
or axes. In 1967 Tangshan earthquake, about 200,000 to
300,000 civilians who were trapped in the ruin climbed out by
themselves and then helped others out of danger. Thanks to
those people, more than 80% people trapped were rescued.
Entrapment
As might be expected, entrapment appears to be the
single most significant factor associated with death or
injury (81). In the 1988 Armenia earthquake, death rates
were 67 times higher and injury rates more than 11
times higher for people who were trapped than for those
who were not (33). In the 1980 southern Italian
earthquake, entrapment requiring assistance to escape
was the most important risk factor: the death rate was
35.0% for trapped people versus 0.3% for untrapped
people (82). In the Philippine earthquake of 1990,
people who died were 30 times more likely to have been
trapped than were injured survivors (OR = 29.74; 95%
CI, 12.35-74.96) (66).
Occupants' Behavior
The behavior of people during an earthquake is an important
predictor of their survival (85). In several recent earthquakes
(e.g., 1990 Philippines and 1992 Egypt earthquakes), there
were widespread reports of deaths and injuries due to
stampedes, as panicked building occupants and students
rushed for the nearest exits (76,86). On the other hand, a
review of the first reaction of people following an initial
earthquake shock revealed that those who immediately ran
out of buildings had a lower incidence of injury than did those
who stayed inside (65,66). Other reports, however, suggest
that running outside may actually increase the risk of injury.
For example, during the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, many
were struck by the collapse of outer walls after running out of
their houses.
Time Until Rescue
Although the probability of finding live victims
diminishes very rapidly with time, entrapped
people have survived for many days. People
have been rescued alive 5, 10, and even 14
days after an earthquake (91); these "miracle
rescues" are often the result of exceptional
circumstances--for example, someone with
very light injuries is trapped in a void deep in
the rubble with air and possibly water
available.
国家CDC
For professional agencies
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3.2 Emergency response system
3.3 Search and rescue
3.4Medical assistance
3.5Response of public health sector
3.6Related work of state departments during
Wenchuan Quake
• 3.7 International Assistance
3.2 Emergency response system
The work of Seismological Bureau just
immediately after earthquake
occurred.
• China seismological emergency rescue center and CENC, along
with professional information insuring institution of provincial
seismological bureau, establish corresponding initiating preplan
for their work.
• When the earthquake occurred, according to the junior
judgment of seismological parameter, they will initiate
corresponding level of responding preplan immediately after
earthquake occurred and began to collect the data. Commonly,
it will include:
The work of Seismological Bureau just
immediately after earthquake
occurred.
1） Collect and arrange the fundamental information such as
geographic environment, geologic background, human society,
infrastructure facilities, the ability of prevention and rescue,
secondary disasters, historic disasters (earthquake, tsunami, and
hurricane) etc
2） Collect and sum up the detailed measure dealt with disasters
by all level of government, such as initiate of emergency
preplan, army, epidemic prevention, ministers and commissions
under state council, rescue team, physical distribution and public
settlement etc.
3） Collect and arrange other rescue information includes: various
denoting actions, NGO, opinions or suggestions of civilian.
The work of Seismological Bureau just
immediately after earthquake
occurred.
4） Collect dynamic information of international rescue groups
and pay attention to the reaction of international society.
5） The form of information includes: character, satellite image,
flight image, picture and video etc.
For example
• In seismic area telephone communication can be likely
suspended. But police, fire police and other emergency
institution can still be able to keep wireless connection which
is an efficient way available for public health institution. On
the other hand, staffs of broadcasting and telecom often take
high qualified commutation facilities with them in scene after
disaster occurred.
For example
• Tele news media can act as another effective method for
providing sanitary suggestions or renewing of deaths. For
instance, in emergency period, notice people in time the
potential possibility of landslide to arouse highly vigilance,
and clear people as soon as possible to prevent further
injuries and deaths in the area where rock fall, landslide or
mud rock flow could strike. When SOA and weather bureau
initiate warning, people located in the low land on the bank
must be first evacuated at once.
For example
• After 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, the investigation of
Bourque, Goltz and their colleagues shows, despite there are
many injuries and deaths in earthquake, as high as 40% of
deaths occurred in the first 72hs after earthquake broke up.
But we are able to avoid the situation if public warnings are
available. The more ideal situation is public institution can
direct the media to issue evacuating information to insure all
people knows that they are facing to in an earthquake.
3.3 Search and rescue
Insuring the free flow of rescue
information
• The rescue team is packed with INMARSAT satellite telephone
when sending out so that they can keep communication
fluency before the restoration of mobile commutation.
• Because of the limit of facilities, they can only be supplied to
the place most needed.
Interview with Zijian Feng, Director
of Emergency Office of State CDC,
China
Basic insurance for rescue group
• Include basic food, water, tent, cloth etc.
• China seismological emergency rescue center has professional
reserving insurance includes facilities insurance, logistic
insurance, communication insurance and information insurance
etc.
• When rescue groups were sent out, the headquarter will
initiate the proper insuring measure according to the different
emergency preplan to provide corresponding insurance. And
succeeding insurance will be followed to ensure the rescue
work of fronting rescue groups.
Interview with Zijian Feng, Director of
Emergency Office of State CDC, China
Search and Rescue
People trapped in the rubble will die if they
are not rescued and given medical treatment.
To maximize trapped victims' chances of
survival, search-and-rescue teams must
respond rapidly after a building collapses.
Search and Rescue (cont.)
With the exception of personnel from
countries in close geographical proximity,
foreign assistance usually arrives after the
local community has already engaged in
much of the rescue activity.
3.4 Medical assistance
Different spectrum of disease caused
by earthquake occurred in
different time and places
• For instance, the earthquake magnitude of Sichuan earthquake
is about the same to the Tangshan earthquake. But Tangshan
earthquake happened in the night which killed more than
200,000 people. As for zone factors, the direct harm caused by
collapse of building will increase if earthquake occurred in town.
Time is also an important factor. The succeeding damage will be
different in winter from autumn. For instance, raining and
extremely hot may cause hinder dangers such as corps rot and
epidemic. In winter the collapse of building will cause people
homeless, so that corresponding frigidity may cause cold,
pneumonia and frostbite etc.
Interview with Zhong Wang,
director of Emergency Room,
Peking Union Medical College
Hospital
China will insure blood safety provided
for disaster area.
• Q: in such emergency situation with so many blood donor, will
blood checking standard be dropped?
• A: the standard will not be dropped. China has specific law
and rule for blood donation without repayment. Any
manipulations over rules are disrespected for human lives. So,
the blood quality is ensured in the period of earthquake.
Don’t worry about that.
Interview with Zhong Wang, director of
Emergency Room, Peking Union Medical
College Hospital
Medical Treatment
Just as speed is required for effective
search and extrication, it is also essential
for effective emergency medical services:
the greatest demand occurs within the first
24 hours (33). Ideally, "disaster medicine"
(medical care for victims of disaster) would
include immediate life-supporting first aid
(LSFA), advanced trauma life support
(ATLS), resuscitative surgery, field
analgesia and anesthesia, resuscitative
engineering (search and rescue
technology), and intensive care (26).
Medical Treatment (cont.)
The medical and public health impact of a
severe earthquake may well be
compounded by significant damage to
medical facilities, hospitals, clinics and
supply stores within the affected area (117).
In the worst-case scenario, a hospital
building may itself be damaged by the
earthquake, and the hospital staff may have
to continue emergency treatment without
using the buildings (118).
Surveillance of Injuries at Medical
Treatment Sites
Treatment sites, whether at hospitals or in
temporary field clinics should designate
someone to organize surveillance of injuries,
collect data, and see that the data are
tabulated and reported to disaster-response
health officials.
3.5 Response of public health sector
Disaster Response to Earthquakes
Disaster response to earthquakes is more akin to medical
treatment than to prevention, but some aspects of the
response may be likened to tertiary prevention in that those
responding seek to limit further injury and to control the
secondary effects of the earthquake (92). Prompt rescue
should improve the outcome of victims, and early medical
treatment should lessen the sequelae of the primary injuries
(e.g., wound complications, chronic neurological
disabilities). Provision of adequate food, water, and shelter
should especially help people in vulnerable age groups and
those with pre-existing diseases. Effective environmental
control measures should prevent secondary environmental
health problems. Identification and control of long-term
hazards (e.g., asbestos in rubble) should reduce chronic
health effects.
Rapid Health Assessment after
the earthquake
Objectives:
 To identify, define and prioritize
potential impacts in disaster
situations
 To help mobilize resources and
direct them to where they are most
needed.
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Rapid Health Assessment
The principles of methodology:
 Simple consensus-based qualitative
assessment process
 Not replace the quantitative studies,
but fills a gap until such studies are
appropriate.
 Can be used from the time disaster
happens till some month later, or for
any major stage-change in an
extended crisis.
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Rapid Health Assessment
Source of information:
 Direct observation of the field
 Reviewing of the pre-disaster records
 Reviewing of community profiles in
the news and on the Internet, and
diverse reports.
 Interviewing with local and national
authorities
 Interviewing with affected people
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Rapid Health Assessment in the
Bam Earthquake
As part of a joint mission of the
World Health organization (WHO) with the
Iranian Ministry of Health (MoH), a rapid
assessment was conducted on the health
status of the affected population and health
activities in Bam on Dec 27, 2003.
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Surveillance of Search and Rescue
Activities
The conduct of future rescue operations can
be enhanced by lessons learned from the
position and circumstances of trapped victims
and from specific details about the extrication
process itself. Knowledge of collapse
conditions helps set rescue priorities.
The public health staff facing to
disaster should think about:
• After the disaster, staff and work should be overall considered,
along with other resource and material.
• After the disaster, quick investigation should be taken.
However, quick investigation should have objective as well.
With an objective, investigation should be taken immediately,
and then evaluation and substantial measures will also be
done.
• We should arouse civilian to report data. Then the civilian will
all know the data should be reported and the assessment
standard.
Interview with Jianshi
Huang, Dean of School of
Public Health, Peking
Union Medical College
The public health staff facing to
disaster should think about:
• Actually, we are very good designing questionnaire includes
various kinds of detail records. The problem is how we can use it.
• Public health staff should filter the data reported which means
they should not trust completely all the data reported, that is to
say, they should have their own judgment.
• Concerned with long term research, we have many things to
study. However, we should choose a small aspect when doing a
specific research. We should also choose proper time and
distinguish first and second assignment in order not to intervene
rescue.
Interview with Jianshi Huang, Dean of School
of Public Health, Peking Union Medical
College
3.6Related work of state departments
during Wenchuan Quake
Ministry of Civil Affairs
• Receive and issue domestic and foreign donations of money and
materials. By June 1, the total contributions to the community include
money and materials are worthy of 41.538 billion yuan.
• Transfer and resettle refugees to ensue their basic livelihood
• Responsible for the identification, claim and disposal of remains
• Responsible for the proper placement of orphans, the old, and the
handicapped in the earthquake.
• To call for volunteers to involve in voluntary service, and to guide social
workers, to train volunteers, to implement humanistic care to the victims,
to provide psychological counseling and social support.
民政部
State General Administration of
Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine
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Implement quarantine inspection on the transport vehicles and entry-exit personnel. In
14 ports such as Beijing, Chengdu, Lanzhou, 402 granted international aid and 13
rescue teams have been given rapid identification and allowed to pass.
To ensure the safety of food and drinking water, 8 technical teams have inspected 909
food enterprises. In addition, they have tested 151 water samples, 34 sources of
drinking water sample testing, inspected 100 building materials enterprises, the
measurement equipments of 352 enterprises
Completed health and epidemic prevention work of the disaster areas. At 10:00 on June
1, a total number of 1817 mobilized personnel have completed disinfection of 28.94
million square meters, with the use of 45,046 kg of insecticidal drugs disinfection.
Completed the inspection and maintenance of special equipments such as medical
oxygen chambers and lifts 19 special equipment earthquake relief technical service
teams have completed the reparation of all special equipments of Sichuan.
Guarantee the stability of production of relevant enterprises. The affected enterprises
and the implementation of relief materials supply business have been licensed "green
channel" of production, declared admissible priority, review priority and certification
priority, with no charge of license fees and testing fees. A qualified special technical
service team are responsible for the technical support and inspection of the enterprises
which produces simple tents and dwellings.
国家质检总局
Chinese military
• Soon after the earthquake the Chinese military took
immediate action into the disaster area.
• On the morning of 13th a small number of radical
vanguard force arrived in Wenchuan County City on
foot.
• At 12:00 on the 14th Chinese military transport
30,000 officers and soldiers to the disaster areas.
Department of Transportation
• After the earthquake transport sector response rapidly, put
forward four demands:
• Do a good job in disaster area’s road reparation
• Do a good job in disaster area’s road maintenance
• Step up the preparation of post-disaster reconstruction
planning and elevate the planning to the national level
• Launch a number of constraints and the pilot of the transport
projects soon
Ministry of Land and Resources
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Start serious geological disasters emergency response plan, organize geological experts to be
dispatched to the disaster areas, to focus on the investigation of hidden dangers, provide
guidance for emergency evacuation and prevention.
Mobilize seven aircrafts on the implementation of aerial photographing of disaster areas,
coordinate and make arrangements for six high-resolution radar remote sensing satellites to
acquire remote sensing images of the earthquake disaster area. As of May 25, provided
topographical maps 19,000 for the earthquake relief work, and provide production and
processing of 22,000 relief dynamic thematic maps of the disaster area.
Pay close attention to weather conditions, forecast timely reports of geological disasters;
investigate disaster-stricken areas of water conservancy facilities, roads and railways, power
lines, communications facilities and other areas of geological disasters. Large-scale potential
disaster loci were found, up to 386 points.
provide surveying and mapping support for post-disaster reconstruction. To carry out the
investigation and disaster emergency response, recovery mining production, do a good job
in land planning and post-disaster reconstruction and disaster prevention planning revision.
To ensure post-disaster reconstruction sites, launch sites with “green channel”, to implement
special policies for and increase the intensity of the reclamation of disaster-destroyed arable
land.
国土资源部
The Ministry of Education
• According to the disaster and disaster prediction, the corresponding
adjustment of their teaching arrangements, to take such measures as
suspension of classes, emergency evacuation.
• Raise donations from the community through the China Education
Development Foundation
• Open psychological counseling hotline and website to provide psychological
assistance services. Organize expert group conducted in-depth disaster area
college students psychological adjustment education backbone training
• Psychological assistance of 800,000 readers, 800,000 health prevention
manuals, 300,000 textbooks and more than 4,200 school bags and learning
amenities.
• According to disaster, postponed the college entrance examination 40
counties under serious suffering, provided the candidates with living
conditions and examination review for free. Mobilize of all localities and
institutions of higher learning to prepare them for the acceptance of the
students from the disaster area.
• Do a good job in subsidizing the students in school from the affected
families in the disaster area.
教育部
3.7 International Assitance
• After the Wenchuan earthquake foreign friends and countries
have given a good favor.
• China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs pays high attention to the
requests of foreign countries to dispatch rescue teams. With
their help, rescue teams have quickly rushed to the scene to
accept the work.
• As of June 4 only, the total domestic and international
community donations have reached a total amount of 43.681
billion yuan.
• The specific list of international assistance can be found on
http://www.chinaelections.org/NewsInfo.asp?NewsID=12806
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Supercourse China has already made more
just-in-time PPT about the Sichuan
Earthquake, which concerned with self-rescue
and mutual-help in the earthquake, public
health problems, as well as the first and
secondary rescue( including psychological
reconstruction ) after the disaster ect.
Please visit:
http://www.supercourse.cn/